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Cyrillic O variants

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This is a list of rare glyph variants of Cyrillic letter O. They were proposed for inclusion into Unicode in 2007 and incorporated as in Unicode 5.1.[1][2]

Monocular O

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Not to be confused with ʘ or 𐓫.

Monocular O (Ꙩ ꙩ) is one of the rare glyph variants of Cyrillic letter O. This glyph variant was used in certain manuscripts in the root word ꙩко "eye",[1] and also in some other functions, for example, in the word- and syllable-initial position. It is used in some late birchbark letters of the 14th and 15th centuries, where it is usually differentiated from a regular о, used after consonants, also by width, being a broad On (ѻ) with a dot inside.

The letter resembles Latin script bilabial click (ʘ) and the Gothic letter hwair (𐍈).

 
Monocular O

Binocular O

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Binocular O (Ꙫ ꙫ) is found in certain manuscripts in the plural or dual forms of the root word eye, like Ꙫчи.[3]

A similar jocular glyph (called "double-dot wide O") has been suggested as a phonetic symbol for the "nasal-ingressive velar trill", a paralinguistic impression of a snort, due to the graphic resemblance to a pig snout.[4]

 
Binocular O

Double monocular O

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Double monocular O (Ꙭ ꙭ) is one of the exotic glyph variants of the Cyrillic letter O. This glyph variant can be found in certain manuscripts in the plural or dual forms of the word eye, for example ꙭчи "[two] eyes".

 
Double monocular O

Multiocular O

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Multiocular O (ꙮ) is a unique glyph variant found in a single 15th century manuscript, in the Old Church Slavonic phrase "серафими многоꙮчитїй" (abbreviated "мн҇оꙮчитїй"; serafimi mnogoočitii, "many-eyed seraphim"). It was documented by Yefim Karsky in 1928 in a copy of the Book of Psalms from around 1429,[5][6] now found in the collection of the Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius.[7]

The character was proposed for inclusion into Unicode in 2007[8] and incorporated as character U+A66E in Unicode version 5.1 (2008).[9] The representative glyph had seven eyes and sat on the baseline. However, in 2021, following a tweet highlighting the character,[10] it came to linguist Michael Everson's attention that the character in the 1429 manuscript was actually made up of ten eyes. After a 2022 proposal to change the character to reflect this, it was updated later that year for Unicode 15.0 to have ten eyes and to extend below the baseline.[11][12] However, not all fonts support the ten-eyed variant as of November 2024.

 
The letter in the original manuscript.
 
Multiocular O
 
The incorrect form originally implemented into Unicode (2007–2022).

Double O

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Double O
Not to be confused with Ꝏ and OO or ꝏ and oo.

Double O (Ꚙ ꚙ) is a variant of the letter О in the Cyrillic script. It is found in some early Old Church Slavonic manuscripts, where it is used in place of ⟨О⟩, such as in двꚙе "two", ꚙбо "both", ꚙбанадесять "twelve", and двꚙюнадесять "twelve".[13] The Cyrillic "double O" resemble the Latin-script double-o ligature (ꝏ) and the Infinity symbol (∞).

Crossed O

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Crossed O
Not to be confused with 𐊨.

Crossed O (Ꚛ ꚛ) is a glyph variant of Cyrillic O with the addition of a cross, used in Old Church Slavonic. The crossed O is primarily used in the word ꚛкрест (around, in the region of) in early Slavonic manuscripts,[14] whose component крест means 'cross'.

Broad On

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Broad On

Broad On, also known as Round Omega (Ѻ ѻ; italics: Ѻ ѻ) is a positional and orthographical variant of the Cyrillic O. On (ѻнъ, onŭ) is a traditional name of Cyrillic letter О; these names are still in use in the Church Slavonic alphabet.

Broad On is used only in the Church Slavonic language. In its alphabet (in primers and grammar books), broad and regular shapes of О share the same position, as they are not considered different letters. Uppercase is typically represented by broad Ѻ, and lowercase is either regular о or dual: both broad ѻ and regular о (in the same way as Greek uppercase Σ is accompanied with two lowercases σ, ς). Phonetically, broad Ѻ/ѻ is the same as regular О/о.

In standard Church Slavonic orthography (since the middle of the 17th century until present time), the broad shape of letter On is used instead of the regular shape of the same letter in the following cases:

  • as the first letter of a word's root, which could fall:
    • at the beginning of the word: (ѻгнь, ѻтрокъ),
    • after a prefix: (праѻтецъ),
    • after another root in compound words (ѻбоюдуѻстрый);
  • in the middle of the root in two geographical names (іѻрданъ—Jordan River, іѻппіа—city of Jaffa) and their derivatives;
  • as the numerical sign to represent the number 70 (However, Church Slavonic editions printed outside the Russian Empire have often ignored this rule and used regular о as the numerical sign).
 
St. Olga icon at St Volodymyr's Cathedral, Kyiv

Historically, Broad On was also used in the later Old Russian period, including documents, letters and other vernacular texts, to signal the initial position of a word or a syllable or occasionally to mark a closed vowel (developed in North Russian dialects since the 14th century). It is found in birch bark manuscripts and in some other Russian texts. Other glyphs could be used in the same functions, including Monocular O and Cyrillic Omega.

Name

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Broad On has no standard traditional name. The names used in literature (e.g. wide on) are shape-based or functional descriptions. A name from certain Russian sources,[15] он польское, on pol'skoye (lit. "Polish O"), also points to the round shape of the letter, because Latin fonts from Poland had round "O", and the typical old Cyrillic "O" was lens-shaped and condensed. Now the character is often referred to by its conventional Unicode name "Round Omega".[16]

Computing codes

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Character information
Preview Ꙩ ꙩ 𔖪
Unicode name CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER MONOCULAR O CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER MONOCULAR O CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER MONOCULAR O WITH YERI BELOW
Encodings decimal hex dec hex dec hex
Unicode 42600 U+A668 42601 U+A669 83370 U+145AA
UTF-8 234 153 168 EA 99 A8 234 153 169 EA 99 A9 240 148 150 170 F0 94 96 AA
UTF-16 42600 A668 42601 A669 55313 56746 D811 DDAA
Numeric character reference Ꙩ Ꙩ ꙩ ꙩ 𔖪 𔖪


Character information
Preview Ꙫ ꙫ 𘪩 𘪪
Unicode name CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER BINOCULAR O CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER BINOCULAR O CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER BINOCULAR O WITH CARON CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER BINOCULAR O WITH CARON
Encodings decimal hex dec hex dec hex dec hex
Unicode 42602 U+A66A 42603 U+A66B 101033 U+18AA9 101034 U+18AAA
UTF-8 234 153 170 EA 99 AA 234 153 171 EA 99 AB 240 152 170 169 F0 98 AA A9 240 152 170 170 F0 98 AA AA
UTF-16 42602 A66A 42603 A66B 55330 57001 D822 DEA9 55330 57002 D822 DEAA
Numeric character reference Ꙫ Ꙫ ꙫ ꙫ 𘪩 𘪩 𘪪 𘪪


Character information
Preview Ꚙ ꚙ
Unicode name CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER DOUBLE O CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER DOUBLE O
Encodings decimal hex dec hex
Unicode 42648 U+A698 42649 U+A699
UTF-8 234 154 152 EA 9A 98 234 154 153 EA 9A 99
Numeric character reference Ꚙ Ꚙ ꚙ ꚙ


Character information
Preview Ꚛ ꚛ
Unicode name CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER CROSSED O CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER CROSSED O
Encodings decimal hex dec hex
Unicode 42650 U+A69A 42651 U+A69B
UTF-8 234 154 154 EA 9A 9A 234 154 155 EA 9A 9B
Numeric character reference Ꚛ Ꚛ ꚛ ꚛ


Character information
Preview Ѻ ѻ
Unicode name CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ROUND OMEGA CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ROUND OMEGA
Encodings decimal hex dec hex
Unicode 1146 U+047A 1147 U+047B
UTF-8 209 186 D1 BA 209 187 D1 BB
Numeric character reference Ѻ Ѻ ѻ ѻ


Character information
Preview ꙮ
Unicode name CYRILLIC LETTER MULTIOCULAR O
Encodings decimal hex
Unicode 42606 U+A66E
UTF-8 234 153 174 EA 99 AE
Numeric character reference ꙮ ꙮ

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b Everson, Michael; Birnbaum, David; Cleminson, Ralph; et al. (2007-03-21). "Proposal to encode additional Cyrillic characters in the BMP of the UCS" (PDF). p. 4. Retrieved 2021-12-20.
  2. ^ "Unicode Database - Derived Age". 2021-07-10. Retrieved 2021-12-20.
  3. ^ Everson, Michael; Birnbaum, David; Cleminson, Ralph; Derzhanski, Ivan; Dorosh, Vladislav; Kryukov, Alexej; Paliga, Sorin; Ruppel, Klaas (2007-03-21). "Proposal to encode additional Cyrillic characters in the BMP of the UCS" (PDF). ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2 N3194R, UTC L2/07-003R.
  4. ^ "SpecGram—"Double-Dot Wide O / Nasal-Ingressive Voiceless Velar Trill"—by J–––– J––––––—Reviewed by Jonathan van der Meer". specgram.com.
  5. ^ Карский, Ефим (1979). Славянская кирилловская палеография. Moscow. p. 197.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  6. ^ "Рукопись 308. Псалтирь. напис. 1429 (?) года". folio 243v. Archived from the original on 27 September 2011. Retrieved 29 August 2011.
  7. ^ "Славянские рукописи — Главная библиотека". Archived from the original on 27 September 2011. Retrieved 29 August 2011.
  8. ^ Everson, Michael; Birnbaum, David; Cleminson, Ralph; et al. (2007-03-21). "Proposal to encode additional Cyrillic characters in the BMP of the UCS" (PDF). p. 4. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2016-04-10. Retrieved 2018-08-03.
  9. ^ Compart AG (2018). "Unicode Character "ꙮ" (U+A66E)". Archived from the original on 2018-08-04. Retrieved 2018-08-03.
  10. ^ @etiennefd on Twitter (2020-10-31). "Happy Halloween! I feel like I have to talk about something scary. [...]". Retrieved 2022-11-02.
  11. ^ "Cyrillic Extended-B; Range: A640–A69F" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2022-02-13.
  12. ^ Everson, Michael. "Proposal to revise the glyph of CYRILLIC LETTER MULTIOCULAR O" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-03-22. Retrieved 2022-03-22.
  13. ^ "Proposal to Encode Some Outstanding Early Cyrillic Characters in Unicode" (PDF). 25 February 2011. Retrieved 21 February 2015.
  14. ^ Shardt, Yuri; Simmons, Nikita; Andreev, Aleksandr (2011-02-25). Proposal to Encode Some Outstanding Early Cyrillic Characters in Unicode (PDF) (Report). Unicode Consortium. p. 1. L2/10-394R. Retrieved 2018-02-28. The crossed o is primarily used in the word окрест (around, in the region of) in early Slavonic manuscripts.
  15. ^ See, for example: Н. П. Саблина. Буквица славянская. Поэтическая история азбуки с азами церковнославянской грамоты. СПб.: Ижица, 2001. OCLC 51079099 ISBN 978-5-9903415-6-2.
  16. ^ "Cyrillic: Range: 0400–04FF" (PDF). The Unicode Standard, Version 6.0. 2010. p. 41. Retrieved 2011-06-01.
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