Wikipedia

2011–12 Australian region cyclone season

(Redirected from Cyclone Fina (2011))

The 2011–12 Australian region cyclone season was a below average tropical cyclone season, with 7 cyclones forming rather than the usual 11. It began on 1 November 2011, and ended on 14 May 2012. The regional tropical cyclone operational plan defines a "tropical cyclone year" separately from a "tropical cyclone season"; the "tropical cyclone year" began on 1 July 2011 and ended on 30 June 2012.[1]

2011–12 Australian region cyclone season
Season summary map
Seasonal boundaries
First system formed3 December 2011
Last system dissipated30 June 2012
Strongest storm
NameLua
 • Maximum winds155 km/h (100 mph)
(10-minute sustained)
 • Lowest pressure935 hPa (mbar)
Seasonal statistics
Tropical lows21
Tropical cyclones7
Severe tropical cyclones3
Total fatalities16
Total damage> $230 million (2012 USD)
Related articles
Australian region tropical cyclone seasons
2009–10, 2010–11, 2011–12, 2012–13, 2013–14,

The scope of the Australian region is limited to all areas south of the equator, east of 90°E and west of 160°E. This area includes Australia, Papua New Guinea, western parts of the Solomon Islands, East Timor and southern parts of Indonesia.[1]

Tropical cyclones in this area are monitored by five Tropical Cyclone Warning Centres (TCWCs): the Australian Bureau of Meteorology in Perth, Darwin, and Brisbane; TCWC Jakarta in Indonesia; and TCWC Port Moresby in Papua New Guinea.[1] The Joint Typhoon Warning Center issues unofficial warnings for the region, designating tropical depressions with the "S" suffix when they form west of 135°E, and the "P" suffix when they form east of 135°E.

Seasonal forecasts

edit
TSR forecasts
Date		 Tropical
storms		 Severe Tropical
cyclones		 Landfalling
cyclones		 ACE Ref
Average (1975/76–2010/11) 10.5 5.5 4.5 79 [2][3]
11 May 2011 11.2 5.9 4.7 – [2]
4 July 2011 10.6 5.5 4.4 – [4]
8 September 2011 11.8 6.2 4.9 – [5]
8 November 2011 12.9 6.8 5.3 – [6]
7 December 2011 12.9 6.8 5.3 94 [3]
Region Average Chance of
Above average		 Actual activity Ref
Whole 12 80% 7
Western 7 65% 5
North-Western 5 60% 3
Northern 3 60% 1
Eastern 4 65% 1
Total Forecast
Center		 Tropical
lows		 Tropical
cyclones		 Severe tropical
cyclones		 Ref
Actual activity: BoM 20 7 3
Actual activity: JTWC 17 8 4

During each tropical cyclone year, Australia's Bureau of Meteorology National Climate Centre (BoM), the Guy Carpenter Asia-Pacific Climate Impact Centre, New Zealand's National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA) and partners issue seasonal forecasts for the Australian region and its various subregions. Since a tropical cyclone can move through a region, the actual number of tropical cyclones in a region include any that form in or move into a region from another.

Bureau of Meteorology

edit

In October 2011, ahead of the tropical cyclone season starting on 1 November, the BoM issued seasonal forecasts for the whole Australian region, one for each of the subregions Western, North-Western, Northern and Eastern Australia with each one covering the whole tropical cyclone year.[7] For each forecast they took into account, the current neutral ENSO conditions to weak La Niña conditions that had been observed during that summer.[7] For the whole region they predicted that there was an 80% chance that the season would be above average.[7]

For the Western region between 90°E and 125°E, the BoM forecast that the area would see activity near to or slightly above the average, with a 35% chance of a below average cyclone activity.[7] For the North-Western subregion between 105°E and 130°E, it was predicted that there was a 60% chance of above average tropical cyclone activity, while TCWC Perth noted that there was a likelihood of two tropical cyclones and one severe tropical cyclone impacting Western Australia.[8] The Northern Territory which was defined as being between as being 125°E and 142.5°E had a 60% chance of being above average, while the Eastern region had a 65% chance of having an above average tropical cyclone season.[7] During February, after Cyclones Heidi and Iggy had threatened Western Australia, it was reported that there was a likelihood of at least one more coastal impact and a significant risk that it could be a severe tropical cyclone.[9] The BoM also issued a seasonal forecasts for the South Pacific region between 142.5°E and 165°E and one for the Eastern Southern Pacific region between 165°E and 120°W.[10] The outlook called for a westward shift in tropical cyclone activity with a 65% chance that the Western Pacific Region will see more than the average number of tropical cyclones while there was a 40% chance that the Eastern Pacific Region will see above average number.[10]

Others

edit

Seasonal summary

edit
Cyclone LuaCyclone JasmineCyclone HeidiCyclone GrantTropical cyclone scales#Comparisons across basins

Systems

edit

Severe Tropical Cyclone Alenga

edit
Category 3 severe tropical cyclone (Australian scale)
Category 2 tropical cyclone (SSHWS)
Duration3 December – 11 December
(out of basin December 4–7)
Peak intensity140 km/h (85 mph) (10-min);
972 hPa (mbar)

On 3 December, TCWC Perth and TCWC Jakarta started monitoring a tropical low that had developed about 1220 km (760 mi) to the southwest of Jakarta, Indonesia.[11] Over the next few days, the low moved towards the southeast, while the system's low-level circulation centre gradually developed further, in an area of moderate vertical wind shear.[11][12] During the next day, the low moved out of the Australian region and moved into the South-West Indian Ocean, where it was named Alenga by the Mauritius Meteorological Service on 5 December.[11] During that day, RSMC La Réunion reported that Alenga reached an initial 10-minute peak windspeed of 100 km/h (60 mph), as it started to recurve and move towards the Australian region.[11][13] The system then weakened slightly, before re-intensifying and surpassing its initial peak intensity, as it moved back into the Australian region during 7 December.[14] Later that day, the JTWC reported that Alenga had become equivalent to a category one hurricane on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane scale (SSHS).[14] During the next day, TCWC Perth reported that Alenga had become a Category 3 Severe Tropical Cyclone, and reached its 10-minute peak windspeeds of 150 km/h (95 mph) before the JTWC also reported that Alenga had intensified further and peaked with 1-minute windspeeds of 175 km/h (110 mph), and had become equivalent to a category 3 severe tropical cyclone, on the SSHWS.[11][14] Alenga then started to rapidly weaken as it moved into an area of higher vertical wind shear, with convection diminishing and the low-level circulation centre becoming elongated.[15] On 9 December, TCWC Perth reported that Alenga had degenerated into a tropical low, while the JTWC followed suit and issued their final advisory on Alenga.[15] TCWC Perth then tracked the remnants for another three days, in their tropical weather outlooks, before dropping it on 12 December. Alenga brought severe storms to Perth on 12 and 13 December.[16]

Tropical Low Fina

edit
Tropical low (Australian scale)
Duration18 December – 23 December
Peak intensity65 km/h (40 mph) (10-min);
994 hPa (mbar)

On 18 December, TCWC Brisbane reported that a tropical low had developed within the South Pacific convergence zone, to the southeast of Port Moresby, in Papua New Guinea.[17][18] Over the next few days, the low moved towards the south-southwest under the influence of a weak upper ridge of high pressure in an area of weak vertical wind shear. On 20 December, as convection had consolidated over the systems low level circulation centre, the JTWC issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert on the system. During the next day TCWC Brisbane reported that the low had become a category one tropical cyclone and named it Fina during the next day as it had 10-minute windspeeds of 65 km/h (40 mph).[19] However, as soon as Fina was named, it started weakening as an upper-level trough of low pressure moving through eastern Australia, increased windshear over the system, which meant that Fina's low level circulation centre became exposed, with convection displaced over 135 kilometres (85 mi) from the centre.[17] As a result of this, the JTWC decided to cancel their Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert late on 22 December, while TCWC Brisbane reported that Fina had degenerated into an extratropical cyclone. Over the next few days Cyclone Fina developed storm force winds and produced dangerous surfing conditions in southeast Queensland over the Christmas holiday. In post-analysis in early 2012, the BoM downgraded Fina to a tropical low.[17]

Tropical Low 03U (Benilde)

edit
Tropical low (Australian scale)
Tropical depression (SSHWS)
Duration21 December – 28 December (Exited basin)
Peak intensity55 km/h (35 mph) (1-min);
1000 hPa (mbar)

On 21 December, TCWC Perth reported within their tropical weather outlooks that a tropical low was developing about 770 km (410 mi) to the northeast of the West Island of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands. Over the next few days they continued to monitor it, as the system slowly moved west-southwestward. On 28 December it moved into RSMC La Réunion's area of responsibility, where it commenced a strengthening trend.

Tropical Cyclone Grant

edit
Main article: Cyclone Grant
Category 2 tropical cyclone (Australian scale)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Duration21 December – 2 January
Peak intensity110 km/h (70 mph) (10-min);
976 hPa (mbar)

An area of thunderstorms north-northeast of Darwin was designated Tropical Low 04U by TCWC Darwin on 21 December.[20] Tropical Low 04U developed into a Category 1 tropical cyclone on the morning of 25 December,[21] and reached Category 2 strength in the afternoon of 25 December.[22] A cyclone watch was declared between Dundee Beach and Nhulunbuy, whilst a cyclone warning was issued for areas between Cape Fourcroy and Milingimbi including the Tiwi Islands.[23] A gale warning had been issued for Darwin and the Tiwi Islands on 24 December.[24]

Upon intensification to Category 1 on 25 December the cyclone was moving slowly towards the Cobourg Peninsula. The system intensified further on 25 December, reaching Category 2 status in the afternoon.[25] The system crossed Van Diemen Gulf and made a second landfall east of Point Stuart in the early morning of 26 December. Shortly thereafter the cyclone was downgraded to Category 1[26] and by the afternoon of that day it was downgraded to an ex-tropical low.[27]

On 28 December in the evening, the system moved back onto the waters of the Gulf of Carpentaria,[28] and was downgraded to a tropical low. The system continued to move eastward across the Cape York Peninsula and into the Coral Sea, even as the storm weakened, until Grant underwent an extratropical transition on 2 January 2012. Later on the same day, the extratropical remnant of Grant dissipated.

Severe Tropical Cyclone Heidi

edit
Category 3 severe tropical cyclone (Australian scale)
Category 1 tropical cyclone (SSHWS)
Duration9 January – 13 January
Peak intensity150 km/h (90 mph) (10-min);
960 hPa (mbar)
Main article: Cyclone Heidi

Early on 9 January, both the JTWC and TCWC Perth started to monitor a tropical low that had developed within a monsoon trough, about 950 km (590 mi) to the north of Port Hedland in Western Australia.[29][30] Over the next two days, the low gradually moved southwards and developed in favourable conditions into a tropical cyclone, before late on 10 January, it was assigned the designation 06S by the JTWC and named Heidi by TCWC Perth.[30][31]

In preparation for the cyclone Port Hedland Port Authority closed the port, oilfields and gas production off the North-West coast were halted, and flights from Perth to Port Hedland were cancelled.[32]

In the early morning of 12 January the system made landfall just east of Port Hedland[33] and after a few hours the system was downgraded to Category 1 cyclone.[34] Port Hedland received 128.0 mm (5.04 in) of rain by 9:00 am with gusts of 131 km/h (81 mph) and Wallal Downs recording 166.0 mm (6.54 in) of rain.[35] More than 3,500 homes and businesses in Port Hedland were left without power.[36] Late on 12 January the system was downgraded to a tropical low about 45 kilometres (30 mi) northeast of Tom Price. Flood Warnings continued for the Ashburton and De Grey River areas.[37] On 13 January, the remnants of Heidi continued to move south through the Gascoyne region with widespread rainfall totals of up to 30 mm (1.2 in).[38] Significant rainfall was recorded in the Gascoyne region through early morning 14 January at the homestead of Mount Vernon with 117.0 mm (4.61 in) of rain and Tangadee with 74.0 mm (2.91 in) of rain.[39] In the early morning of 15 January a severe weather warning was cancelled for northeast Gascoyne. However showers from the remnants of the tropical low still persisted.[40]

Ahead of Cyclone Heidi making landfall during 12 January, various tropical cyclone alerts and warnings were issued for parts of the Pilbara Coast between Wallal and Dampier.[41]

Track data subsequently released by the BoM indicated that Heidi's winds were equivalent to a Category 3 system.[42]

Tropical Low 10U

edit
Tropical low (Australian scale)
Duration22 January – 27 January
Peak intensityWinds not specified;
997 hPa (mbar)

On 22 January, a tropical low formed in a monsoonal trough over the Arafura Sea. The low then slowly moved to the south and west over the next few days as gale-force westerly winds developed to the north. This storm made 2 landfalls. The first one was on 24 January around 10:00 am when the storm made landfall over Melville Island. Later that night, the storm made its final landfall in the late afternoon hours of 24 January.[43]

This storm brought heavy rain and strong winds to Darwin. This lead to the temporary closure of the Territory Wildlife Park and the George Brown Botanic Gardens on 26 January. Flights out of Darwin International Airport had delays and cancellations. Coastal regions around Darwin also experienced significant beach erosion.[43]

Tropical Cyclone Iggy

edit
Category 2 tropical cyclone (Australian scale)
Category 1 tropical cyclone (SSHWS)
Duration24 January – 3 February
Peak intensity110 km/h (70 mph) (10-min);
970 hPa (mbar)

On 21 January, JTWC reported that an area of convection with a weak low level circulation had developed about 480 kilometres (300 mi) from Port Hedland.[44] By 24 January, TCWC Perth reported that a tropical low had formed, and that it was 720 kilometres (445 mi) north northwest of Exmouth moving west at 23 km/h (14 mph).[45] The tropical low was then given the identification 11U. Late on 25 January, the JTWC upgraded it into a tropical depression and designated as 09S. Soon after the system strengthened and the TCWC Perth had named the system Tropical Cyclone Iggy. The system was located 960 kilometres (595 mi) northwest of Exmouth, moving west at 5 km/h (3.1 mph).[46]

During its formative stages, Iggy was responsible for triggering severe weather, including tornadoes and flooding in Java, Bali, and in Lombok, Indonesia, causing the deaths of at least 16 people, and the destruction of thousands of houses.[47]

Early on 26 January, the system began to recurve and headed slowly towards the Pilbara coast.[48] Early on 27 January, the system was upgraded to a Category 2 cyclone, while located 610 kilometres (380 mi) northwest of Exmouth moving east southeast.[49] By late 27 January a cyclone warning had been issued from Mardie to Ningaloo.[50] On 28 January, Iggy reached its peak intensity, with a minimum central pressure of 970 mbars. By 29 January, the system became stationary. Wind shear and lower sea surface temperatures, which the cyclone remained stationary over inhibited intensification. Later in the day, the system weakened into a Category 1 cyclone.[51] On 30 January, after regaining forward momentum, the system began moving southwest at 6 km/h (3.7 mph), and restrengthened into a Category 2 system.[52] Early on 31 January, the system had once again weakened into a Category 1 cyclone, only to reintensify into a Category 2 cyclone on 1 February.[53]

Iggy eventually lost cyclone strength on 2 February, as it made landfall near Jurien Bay. A Severe Weather Warning for damaging winds and heavy rain was issued for the area bound by Kalbarri, Morawa, Wongan Hills, Narrogin and Harvey including Geraldton, Perth (the first ex-tropical cyclone to affect the region since Bianca) and Mandurah. The town of Lancelin received 98.0 mm (3.86 in) of rain.[54] On 3 February, Iggy dissipated inland.

Tropical Cyclone Jasmine

edit
Main article: Cyclone Jasmine
Category 2 tropical cyclone (Australian scale)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Duration1 February – 6 February (Exited basin)
Peak intensity110 km/h (70 mph) (10-min);
977 hPa (mbar)

Severe Tropical Cyclone Jasmine was a long–lived annular tropical cyclone that affected several countries, particularly Vanuatu and Tonga, over a 19-day span. The sixth cyclone of the season, Cyclone Jasmine developed from an area of disturbed weather on 1 February in the Gulf of Carpentaria. Initially, the storm moved towards the east and across the Cape York Peninsula.[55] Dry air and wind shear prevented the system from strengthening significantly, but a moisture field over the Australian continent helped the storm maintain its intensity. Wind shear would later be subdued, allowing Jasmine to strengthen quicker. On 5 February, Jasmine reached its peak intensity in the Australian basin as a Category 2 on the Australian tropical cyclone intensity scale, with 10-minute sustained winds of 95 m/h (60 mph). After moving to the southeast in response to a nearby subtropical ridge, Jasmine exited the BOM's area of responsibility on 6 February.[56][57]

In Queensland, Jasmine produced heavy rains and gusty winds. Heavy rainfall from Jasmine's outer rainbands produced large precipitation totals across southern areas of Queensland. After moving into the Coral Sea, a surface trough attached to the system produced more rain showers over Australia.[58] In Cairns, Queensland, several roads were closed and trees were uprooted by strong winds associated with Jasmine.[59] In addition, power lines that were knocked down in the city's northern suburbs caused power outages for affected areas.[60]

Tropical Low 13U (Hilwa)

edit
Tropical low (Australian scale)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Duration5 February – 14 February (Exited basin)
Peak intensity65 km/h (40 mph) (1-min);
1000 hPa (mbar)

On 5 February, TCWC Perth reported within their tropical weather outlooks that a tropical low was developing near 12°S 95°E, 200 km (120 mi) to the west of the West Island of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands. Over the next few days, TCWC Perth continued to monitor the storm, as it slowly moved westward. TCWC Perth predicted it would move west of 90°E without developing into a Tropical Cyclone. On 14 February, JTWC classified the storm as Tropical Cyclone 13S, as the storm moved out of the BoM's area of responsibility, and into the South-West Indian Ocean basin.

Tropical Cyclone Koji–Joni

edit
Category 2 tropical cyclone (Australian scale)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Duration5 March – 8 March (Exited basin)
Peak intensity95 km/h (60 mph) (10-min);
986 hPa (mbar)

On 6 March, an area of thunderstorms that TCWC Perth had been watching since 3 March,[61] became a tropical low.[62] Later on the same day, the BoM designated the storm as Tropical Low 15U while the JTWC designated the storm as Tropical Cyclone 16S. On the morning of 8 March, the low strengthened into a Category 1 tropical cyclone, assigning the name Koji.[63] However, a few hours later, Koji moved west of 90°E and was renamed Joni by the Mauritius Meteorological Service. Despite this, the combined name Koji–Joni was now used on advisories issued on the storm, instead of a "single" name. This would be the last system to be renamed, with Cyclone Bruce in 2013 being the first system to retain its name when it moved west of 90°E.

Severe Tropical Cyclone Lua

edit
Main article: Cyclone Lua
Category 3 severe tropical cyclone (Australian scale)
Category 2 tropical cyclone (SSHWS)
Duration9 March – 18 March
Peak intensity155 km/h (100 mph) (10-min);
935 hPa (mbar)

On 8 March, a low-pressure area developed well off the coast of Pilbara. On 9 March, TCWC Perth noted the low had become a tropical low, and then assigned the identification 16U. On 13 March, both the BoM and the JTWC upgraded the system to a category 1 tropical cyclone and named it Lua. On 14 March, Lua intensified into a category 2 tropical cyclone as it began moving westwards away from Western Australia. Lua became a category 3 severe tropical cyclone on 16 March, and it made landfall near Pardoo the next day, with sustained winds of 155 km/h (95 mph). Early on 18 March, Lua weakened below tropical cyclone intensity. The remnants of the storm dissipated later on that day, after moving deeper into Western Australia.

Lua is so far the strongest cyclone to impact the Australian coast, since Yasi in 2011, and the Pilbara coast, since Laurence in 2009. Lua is also notable for maintaining cyclone strength as far south as Wiluna, making it the closest a cyclone has approached the Goldfields–Esperance region, since Steve in 2000.[64] The city of Kalgoorlie received 59.4 mm of rainfall from the system, its heaviest rainfall in 12 years, while Norseman received 60 mm.[65]

Tropical Low 17U

edit
Tropical low (Australian scale)
Duration12 March – 22 March
Peak intensity55 km/h (35 mph) (10-min);
993 hPa (mbar)

On 9 March, an area of low pressure developed to the north of Kimberley.[66] Over the next 3 days, the low moved into the Timor Sea, as the storm slowly intensified. On 12 March, TCWC Darwin reported that the storm had intensified into a tropical low and gave it the identification 17U.[67] As the storm approached the northern coast of Western Australia, it continued to intensify slowly. On 14 March, Tropical Low 17U slowly began to weaken as the storm made landfall on the northeastern border of Western Australia. Several hours later, 17U made a second landfall over the northwestern border of the Northern Territory. Afterwards, TCWC Darwin issued their last bulletin on the storm as it degenerated into a weak low.[68] During the next several hours, 17U continued moving eastwards deep into the Northern Territory while maintaining its intensity. However, TCWC Darwin continued to track 17U on their 3-Day Outlook, until the storm entered TCWC Brisbane's area of responsibility, on 16 March. Late on 15 March, 17U crossed over into Northern Queensland with the northern part of the storm emerging into the southern part of the Gulf of Carpentaria. Soon afterwards, 17U began to reintensify. Late on 17 March, 17U began to stall in the southeastern Gulf of Carpentaria. Late on 18 March, TWCW Brisbane issued their last advisory on the storm, as it was not expected to become a tropical cyclone, at this point. However, the agency continued to track the storm on their outlook, until the storm's dissipation. Late on 19 March, Tropical Low 17U began moving southward, deeper into Queensland. Early on 20 March, wind shear began weakening the storm, as it turned eastward. Late on 21 March, 17U began emerging off the eastern coast of Queensland, as it was drawn towards a powerful extratropical cyclone, to the east. By 22 March, the extratropical storm had absorbed Tropical Low 17U, and thus the storm was dropped from TCWC Brisbane's outlook.

Tropical Low 18U (Daphne)

edit
Tropical low (Australian scale)
Duration29 March – 31 March (Exited basin)
Peak intensityWinds not specified;

Tropical Low 19U

edit
Tropical low (Australian scale)
Duration16 April – 23 April
Peak intensityWinds not specified;
1006 hPa (mbar)

Tropical Depression 19S

edit
Tropical depression (Australian scale)
Tropical depression (SSHWS)
Duration7 May – 14 May
Peak intensity55 km/h (35 mph) (10-min);
996 hPa (mbar)
Main article: List of off-season Australian region tropical cyclones

On 5 May, the JTWC reported that a tropical disturbance had developed within the Banda Sea, about 425 km (265 mi) to the northeast of Dili, on Timor island.[69] On 7 May, TCWC Jakarta and the JTWC reported that the disturbance strengthened into a tropical depression, off the Indonesian east coast, and gave the storm the identifier 19S. Soon afterwards, the storm reached its peak intensity, with a central low pressure of 996 mbars. Late on 7 May, vertical wind shear from the north caused the system's northern convection to dissipate, as the storm turned to the southeast, prompting the JTWC to issue their last advisory on the system. However, on 8 May, the wind shear weakened, and the system regained its convection, as it began to reorganize. Later on the same day, 19S turned to the south-southwest and narrowly passed in between a few Indonesia islands. On 10 May, 19S turned to the southwest, as it approached Timor. On 11 May, Tropical Depression 19S turned westward, as it slightly organized. Early on 11 May, Tropical Depression 19S impacted southwestern Timor and stalled there for 2 days, while beginning to weaken. On 12 May, Tropical Depression 19S began to weaken more rapidly, as it turned to the northwest. Early on 14 May, Tropical Depression 19S passed to the east of Sumba and impacted Flores, as the storm continued to move northwestwards. Later on the same day, TCWC Jakarta and the BoM both issued their last advisories on Tropical Depression 19S, as the storm dissipated just north of Flores.

Tropical Low 20U

edit
Tropical low (Australian scale)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Duration28 June – 30 June
Peak intensity45 km/h (30 mph) (10-min);
993 hPa (mbar)
Main article: List of off-season Australian region tropical cyclones

This system was one of the few storms to form out of season.

Other systems

edit

On 26 December, TCWC Perth reported that a tropical low had developed near the Western boundary of the region, located over in moderate vertical wind shear.[70][71] The tropical low slowly moved in a westward direction and the JTWC issued a TCFA;[72] although TCWC Perth issued its final advisory on the tropical low on 28 December.[73] On 5 January, TCWC Darwin had spotted a weak tropical low, formed from the monsoon trough over to the north of Timor, however this was the only known advisory for that system.[74] Two tropical lows also developed during January, but those storms remained extremely weak. On 3 March, TCWC Brisbane had reported a slow-moving low over in the central Coral Sea.[75] The low lingered for a few days and on 6 March, the JTWC upgraded it to a medium chance of becoming a tropical cyclone, and was reported that the low was having some subtropical characteristics.[76] TCWC Brisbane made its final advisory on the low on 7 March, as it became a remnant low.[77]

Storm names

edit
Main articles: Tropical cyclone naming, History of tropical cyclone naming, and List of historical tropical cyclone names

During the season a total of 7 tropical cyclones received a name from BoM, either by TCWC Perth, Darwin, or Brisbane, when the system was judged to have 10-minute sustained windspeeds of 65 km/h (40 mph). There has only been one list that the Bureau of Meteorology have assigned names to tropical cyclones since the 2008–09 season. Tropical cyclones named by the TCWC Jakarta and Port Moresby are rare, with the last named cyclones occurring during 2010 and 2007, respectively.

  • Fina
  • Grant
  • Heidi
  • Iggy
  • Jasmine
  • Koji
  • Lua
  • Additionally, Alenga entered the Australian region from the South-West Indian Ocean region (west of 90°E) as a tropical cyclone. As the system crossed between basins intact, it retained the name assigned to it by the Mauritius Meteorological Service on behalf of Météo-France La Réunion.

Retirement

edit
See also: List of retired Australian region cyclone names

The Bureau of Meteorology retired the names Heidi, Jasmine and Lua, replacing them with Hayley, Jenna and Luana respectively.[78]

Season effects

edit
Name Dates Peak intensity Areas affected Damage
(USD) 		Deaths Refs
Category Wind speed Pressure
Alenga 3–11 December Category 3 severe tropical cyclone 140 km/h (85 mph) 972 hPa (28.70 inHg) None None None [11]
Fina 18–23 December Tropical low 55 km/h (35 mph) 994 hPa (29.35 inHg) Papua New Guinea None None
03U (Benilde) 21–28 December Tropical low Not specified Not specified None None None
Grant 21 – 29 December 2011 Category 2 tropical cyclone 110 km/h (70 mph) 976 hPa (28.82 inHg) Northern Territory, Queensland Unknown Unknown [79][80]
05U 26–28 December Tropical low Not specified Not specified None None None
06U 5 January Tropical low Not specified Not specified Timor None None
Heidi 9–13 January Category 3 severe tropical cyclone 150 km/h (90 mph) 960 hPa (28.35 inHg) Western Australia Minor None
08U 13 January Tropical low Not specified Not specified None None None
09U 21 January Tropical low Not specified Not specified None None None
10U 22–29 January Tropical low 55 km/h (35 mph) 993 hPa (29.32 inHg) Northern Territory, Queensland Minor None
Iggy 22 January – 3 February Category 2 tropical cyclone 100 km/h (65 mph) 974 hPa (28.76 inHg) Western Australia None 16 [81][82]
Jasmine 31 January – 6 February Category 2 tropical cyclone 110 km/h (70 mph) 976 hPa (28.82 inHg) Queensland, New Caledonia, Vanuatu, Tonga Unknown Unknown
13U (Hilwa) 5–14 February Tropical low Not specified 1,000 hPa (29.53 inHg) Christmas Island, Cocos Islands None None
14U 3–7 March Tropical low Not specified 1,000 hPa (29.53 inHg) Western Australia None None
Koji-Joni 5–8 March Category 2 tropical cyclone 95 km/h (60 mph) 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) None None None [83]
Lua 9–18 March Category 3 severe tropical cyclone 155 km/h (100 mph) 935 hPa (27.61 inHg) Western Australia $230 million None [84][85]
17U 11 – 21 March 2012 Tropical low 55 km/h (35 mph) 993 hPa (29.32 inHg) Western Australia, Northern Territory, Queensland None None
18U (Daphne) 29–31 March Tropical low Not specified Not specified None None None
19U 16–25 April Tropical low Not specified 1,005 hPa (29.68 inHg) Papua New Guinea, Northern Territory, Queensland, Indonesia, East Timor None None
19S 7–14 May Tropical depression 55 km/h (35 mph) 996 hPa (29.41 inHg) Indonesia, East Timor None None
20U 29 June – 1 July Tropical low 45 km/h (30 mph) 993 hPa (29.32 inHg) Papua New Guinea None None
Season aggregates
21 systems 3 December – 1 July 165 km/h (105 mph) 930 hPa (27.46 inHg) $230 million 16

See also

edit

References

edit
  1. ^ a b c "Tropical Cyclone Operational plan for the South Pacific & Southeast indian Ocean" (PDF). WMO. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 June 2011. Retrieved 1 July 2011.
  2. ^ a b Saunders, Mark; Lea, Adam (11 May 2011). Extended Range Forecast for Australian-Region Tropical Storm Activity in 2011/12 (PDF) (Report). Tropical Storm Risk Consortium. Retrieved 11 May 2011.
  3. ^ a b Saunders, Mark; Lea, Adam (7 December 2011). December Forecast Update for Australian-Region Tropical Storm Activity in 2011/12 (PDF) (Report). Tropical Storm Risk Consortium. Retrieved 7 December 2011.
  4. ^ Saunders, Mark; Lea, Adam (4 July 2011). July Forecast Update for Australian-Region Tropical Storm Activity in 2011/12 (PDF) (Report). Tropical Storm Risk Consortium. Retrieved 4 July 2011.
  5. ^ Saunders, Mark; Lea, Adam (8 September 2011). September Forecast Update for Australian-Region Tropical Storm Activity in 2011/12 (PDF) (Report). Tropical Storm Risk Consortium. Retrieved 8 September 2011.
  6. ^ Saunders, Mark; Lea, Adam (8 November 2011). November Forecast Update for Australian-Region Tropical Storm Activity in 2011/12 (PDF) (Report). Tropical Storm Risk Consortium. Retrieved 8 November 2011.
  7. ^ a b c d e National Climate Centre (15 October 2012). "2011–2012 Australian Tropical Cyclone Season Outlook". Australian Bureau of Meteorology. Archived from the original on 22 January 2013. Retrieved 8 January 2013.
  8. ^ Western Australia Regional Office (17 October 2011). "Communities in WA's north-west urged to prepare now" (Press release). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. Archived from the original on 3 September 2012. Retrieved 8 January 2013.
  9. ^ Western Australia Regional Office (10 February 2012). "Updated tropical cyclone outlook – communities urged to stay prepared" (Press release). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. Archived from the original on 9 May 2012. Retrieved 8 January 2013.
  10. ^ a b National Climate Centre (15 October 2011). "2011–2012 South Pacific Tropical Cyclone Season Outlook". Australian Bureau of Meteorology. Archived from the original on 30 March 2013. Retrieved 7 January 2013.
  11. ^ a b c d e f Western Australian Regional Office (Perth Tropical Cyclone Warning Center) (14 December 2011). Severe Tropical Cyclone Alenga (Report). Australian: Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 18 December 2011.
  12. ^ Joint Typhoon Warning Center. "Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert 2011-12-03 2030z". United States Navy, United States Airforce. Archived from the original on 21 October 2011. Retrieved 18 December 2011.
  13. ^ RSMC La Réunion Tropical Cyclone Center (5 December 2011). "Tropical Cyclone Forecast Warning 2011-12-05 06z". Météo-France. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 May 2024. Retrieved 18 December 2011.
  14. ^ a b c Joint Typhoon Warning Center (7 December 2011). "Running best track: Tropical Cyclone 01S (Alenga)". United States Naval Research Laboratory. Retrieved 7 December 2011.
  15. ^ a b Perth Tropical Cyclone Warning Center. "Tropical Cyclone Technical Bulletin 2011-12-08 12z". Bureau of Meteorology. Archived from the original on 8 December 2011. Retrieved 8 December 2011.
  16. ^ Perth Tropical Cyclone Warning Center (22 December 2011). "Tropical Cyclone three-day outlooks for the Western Region 8–12 December 2011". Australian: Bureau of Meteorology. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 22 December 2011.
  17. ^ a b c Brisbane Tropical Cyclone Warning Center (7 January 2012). Tropical Cyclone Fina (Report). Bureau of Meteorology. Archived from the original on 27 February 2012. Retrieved 7 January 2012.
  18. ^ Joint Typhoon Warning Center. "Significant tropical weather advisory for the Western and Southern Pacific Ocean 2011-12-19". United States Navy, United States Airforce. Archived from the original on 20 December 2011. Retrieved 22 December 2011.
  19. ^ Brisbane Tropical Cyclone Warning Center (21 December 2011). "Tropical Cyclone Technical Bulletin for Tropical Cyclone Fina 2011-12-21 18:00 UTC". Australian Bureau of Meteorology. Archived from the original on 21 December 2011. Retrieved 21 December 2011.
  20. ^ "Tropical Cyclone Technical Bulletin for Tropical Low 04U". Tropical Cyclone Warning Centre, Darwin. Archived from the original on 21 December 2011. Retrieved 21 December 2011.
  21. ^ "TC Track". BOM. 25 December 2011. Retrieved 25 December 2011.
  22. ^ "Weather News – Cyclone moves on after whipping remote island". weatherzone.com.au. Archived from the original on 2 January 2014. Retrieved 25 December 2011.
  23. ^ "Weather News – Nervous wait as NT cyclone picks its path". weatherzone.com.au. Archived from the original on 2 January 2014. Retrieved 24 December 2011.
  24. ^ Partenza, Nathan (24 December 2011). "Darwin braces itself on Tracy anniversary as threat of holiday cyclone increases". The Age. Retrieved 24 December 2011.
  25. ^ Peddie, Clair (25 December 2011). "Top End bunkers down for cyclone". The Advertiser. Retrieved 25 December 2011.
  26. ^ "Cyclone updates: Boxing Day". NT News. 26 December 2011. Archived from the original on 15 March 2012. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
  27. ^ Bevege, Allison (26 December 2011). "Cyclone Grant is officially dead". NT News. Archived from the original on 10 September 2012. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
  28. ^ "TROPICAL CYCLONE ADVICE NUMBER 39 (04U)". Tropical Cyclone Warning Centre, Darwin. Archived from the original on 6 September 2011. Retrieved 28 December 2011.
  29. ^ Joint Typhoon Warning Center. "Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Indian Ocean 2012-01-09 14z". United States Navy, United States Air Force. Archived from the original on 26 January 2012. Retrieved 9 May 2012.
  30. ^ a b Western Australian Regional Office (Perth Tropical Cyclone Warning Center). "Tropical Cyclone Heidi Impacts". Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 10 May 2012.
  31. ^ Joint Typhoon Warning Center. "Tropical Cyclone 06S (Heidi) Warning 1 2012-01-10 21z". United States Navy, United States Air Force. Archived from the original on 21 May 2024. Retrieved 9 May 2012.
  32. ^ Evans, Nick (11 January 2012). "Cyclone Heidi shuts down Port Hedland port, mines and cancels flights". Perth Now. Archived from the original on 13 January 2012. Retrieved 11 January 2012.
  33. ^ Unattributed (12 January 2012). "Tropical Cyclone Technical Bulletin for Tropical Cyclone Heidi 2012-01-12 4:52 am WST (Advice #21)". WA Tropical Cyclone Warning Center. Bureau of Meteorology. Archived from the original on 26 July 2009. Retrieved 12 January 2012.
  34. ^ Unattributed (12 January 2012). "Tropical Cyclone Technical Bulletin for Tropical Cyclone Heidi 2012-01-12 9:08 am WST (Advice #25)". WA Tropical Cyclone Warning Center. Bureau of Meteorology. Archived from the original on 26 July 2009. Retrieved 12 January 2012.
  35. ^ Hickey, Phil; Towie, Narelle (11 January 2012). "Cyclone Heidi crosses Pilbara coast, residents on red alert". Perth Now. Archived from the original on 13 January 2012. Retrieved 11 January 2012.
  36. ^ "Weather News – Clean-up begins in the wake of Cyclone Heidi". weatherzone.com.au. Archived from the original on 4 November 2014. Retrieved 12 January 2012.
  37. ^ Unattributed (13 January 2012). "Tropical Cyclone Technical Bulletin for Tropical Cyclone Heidi 2012-01-12 11:11 pm WST (Advice #33)". WA Tropical Cyclone Warning Center. Bureau of Meteorology. Archived from the original on 26 July 2009. Retrieved 12 January 2012.
  38. ^ Domensino, Ben (12 January 2012). "Ex-Tropical Cyclone Heidi heads south". Weatherzone. Retrieved 12 January 2012.
  39. ^ "Western Australia Flood Warning for the Ashburton River Catchment – Issued at 9:51 am WST". Bureau of Meteorology. Townsville Bulletin. 13 January 2012. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 13 January 2012.
  40. ^ "Western Australia CANCELLATION of SEVERE WEATHER WARNING – Issued at 3:35 am WST". Bureau of Meteorology. Townsville Bulletin. 15 January 2012. Archived from the original on 4 October 2015. Retrieved 15 January 2012.
  41. ^ WA Tropical Cyclone Warning Center (Perth Tropical Cyclone Warning Center). "Tropical Cyclone Advice Number 1 2012-01-10 3:19 pm WST". WA Tropical Cyclone Warning Center. Bureau of Meteorology. Archived from the original on 26 July 2009. Retrieved 11 January 2012.
  42. ^ Baillard, Nadine (September 2016). "Severe Tropical Cyclone Heidi 9 – 13 January 2012" (PDF). Australian Government Bureau of Meteorology.
  43. ^ a b http://www.bom.gov.au/cyclone/history/pdf/tropical-low-10u.pdf
  44. ^ Unattributed (24 January 2012). "SIGNIFICANT TROPICAL WEATHER ADVISORY FOR THE INDIAN OCEAN, JTWC". JTWC. Archived from the original on 22 January 2012. Retrieved 22 January 2012.
  45. ^ Unattributed (24 January 2012). "TROPICAL CYCLONE INFORMATION BULLETIN Issued at 8:51 pm WST on Tuesday 24 January 2012". WA Tropical Cyclone Warning Center (Perth). Bureau of Meteorology. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 24 January 2012.
  46. ^ Unattributed (25 January 2012). "TROPICAL CYCLONE INFORMATION BULLETIN 3:03 am WST on Thursday 26 January 2012". WA Tropical Cyclone Warning Center (Perth). Bureau of Meteorology. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 25 January 2012.
  47. ^ Unattributed (27 January 2012). "Tropical Cyclone Iggy Triggers Indonesian Tornadoes". Retrieved 1 February 2012.
  48. ^ Unattributed (26 January 2012). "TROPICAL CYCLONE ADVICE NUMBER 1 Issued at 10:55 am WST on Thursday, 26 January 2012". WA Tropical Cyclone Warning Center (Perth). Bureau of Meteorology. Archived from the original on 26 July 2009. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
  49. ^ Unattributed (27 January 2012). "TROPICAL CYCLONE ADVICE NUMBER 5 Issued at 8:37 am WST on Friday 27 January 2012". WA Tropical Cyclone Warning Center (Perth). Bureau of Meteorology. Archived from the original on 26 July 2009. Retrieved 27 January 2012.
  50. ^ Unattributed (27 January 2012). "TROPICAL CYCLONE ADVICE NUMBER 8 Issued at 11:34 pm WST on Friday 27 January 2012". WA Tropical Cyclone Warning Center (Perth). Bureau of Meteorology. Archived from the original on 26 July 2009. Retrieved 27 January 2012.
  51. ^ Unattributed (29 January 2012). "TROPICAL CYCLONE Technical Bulletin at: 1307 UTC 29/01/2012". WA Tropical Cyclone Warning Center (Perth). Bureau of Meteorology. Archived from the original on 30 January 2012. Retrieved 29 January 2012.
  52. ^ Unattributed (30 January 2012). "TROPICAL CYCLONE INFORMATION BULLETIN Issued at 8:55 pm WST on Monday 30 January 2012". WA Tropical Cyclone Warning Center (Perth). Bureau of Meteorology. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 30 January 2012.
  53. ^ Unattributed (31 January 2012). "Tropical Cyclone Technical Bulletin Issued by PERTH TROPICAL CYCLONE WARNING CENTRE at: 0107 UTC 31/01/2012". WA Tropical Cyclone Warning Center. Bureau of Meteorology. Archived from the original on 31 January 2012. Retrieved 31 January 2012.
  54. ^ "Wet Iggy dumps heavy overnight rain – Lancelin gets 100mm". Perth Now. 27 January 2012. Retrieved 1 February 2012.
  55. ^ Queensland Regional Office/Brisbane tropical cyclone warning centre. Tropical Cyclone Jasmine Impacts (Individual Tropical Cyclone Reports). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. Archived from the original on 5 May 2012. Retrieved 25 November 2012.
  56. ^ Joint Typhoon Warning Center. "Tropical Cyclone Jasmine". Australian Severe Weather. Retrieved 24 November 2012.
  57. ^ Queensland Regional Office (2012). "Tropical Cyclone Jasmine". Bureau of Meteorology. Archived from the original on 5 May 2012. Retrieved 25 November 2012.
  58. ^ Queensland Climate Services Centre (2012). February 2012 (PDF) (Queensland Monthly Weather Review). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 24 November 2012.
  59. ^ "Severe weather warning as strong winds hit tropical coast and Tablelands". The Cairns Post. 4 February 2012. Retrieved 24 November 2012.
  60. ^ Nancarrow, Christy (6 February 2012). "Cyclone Jasmine moves away from Qld coast". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 24 November 2012.
  61. ^ https://www.webcitation.org/65wE59Fnt?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/IDW10800_201203030600.htm
  62. ^ https://www.webcitation.org/65xPbr4tY?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/IDW10800_201203060539.htm
  63. ^ "TROPICAL CYCLONE FORECAST TRACK MAP – Tropical Cyclone Koji". BoM. Retrieved 8 March 2012.
  64. ^ Dutschke, Brett. "Old Lua soaks southern WA". Weatherzone. Retrieved 19 March 2012.
  65. ^ Bennett, Cortlan. "Dying Lua dumps heavy rain in Goldfields after lashing Pilbara coast". PerthNow. Archived from the original on 21 March 2012. Retrieved 19 March 2012.
  66. ^ https://www.webcitation.org/665rDqzpR?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/IDW10800_201203100403.htm
  67. ^ https://www.webcitation.org/667VjnyO3?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/AXAU01-ADRM_201203120801.htm
  68. ^ https://www.webcitation.org/669c4Ozlm?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/AXAU01-ADRM_201203140759.htm
  69. ^ Joint Typhoon Warning Center. "Significant tropical weather advisory for the Indian Ocean 2012-05-05 06z". United States Navy, United States Airforce. Archived from the original on 26 January 2012. Retrieved 10 May 2012.
  70. ^ "Tropical Cyclone three-day outlook for the Western Region". Australian Bureau of Meteorology. 26 December 2011. Archived from the original on 21 May 2024.
  71. ^ "Joint Typhoon WRNCEN Pearl Harbor HI//SUBJ/Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Indian/Ocean". Archived from the original on 3 August 2016. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
  72. ^ "Pearl Harbor HI//SUBJ/Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert". Archived from the original on 5 July 2008. Retrieved 28 December 2011.
  73. ^ "Tropical Cyclone three-day outlook for the Western Region". Australian Bureau of Meteorology. 28 December 2011. Archived from the original on 21 May 2024.
  74. ^ "Tropical Cyclone three-day outlook for the Western Region". Australian Bureau of Meteorology. 5 January 2012. Archived from the original on 21 May 2024.
  75. ^ "Tropical Cyclone three-day outlook for the Western Region". Australian Bureau of Meteorology. 3 March 2012. Archived from the original on 21 May 2024.
  76. ^ "Pearl Harbor HI/JTWC//SUBJ/Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Western and/South Pacific Oceans". Archived from the original on 5 October 2008. Retrieved 6 March 2012.
  77. ^ https://www.webcitation.org/65yy25VU7?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WOAU01-ABRF_201203070032.htm
  78. ^ RA V Tropical Cyclone Committee (2024). Tropical Cyclone Operational Plan for the South-East Indian Ocean and the Southern Pacific Ocean 2024 (PDF) (Report). World Meteorological Organization. Retrieved 14 October 2024.
  79. ^ "Australian Tropical Cyclone Database" (CSV). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. 30 June 2023. Retrieved 30 June 2023. A guide on how to read the database is available here.
  80. ^ "2012 Tropical Cyclone Jasmine (2012032S15141)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
  81. ^ "Indonesia cleaning up in wake of Cyclone Iggy". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 31 January 2012. ReliefWeb.
  82. ^ Paterson, Linda A (16 February 2017). Tropical Cyclone Iggy (PDF) (Report). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
  83. ^ Baillard, Nadine (11 June 2015). Tropical Cyclone Koji (PDF) (Report). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
  84. ^ Severe Tropical Cyclone Lua Impacts (Report). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 28 January 2013.
  85. ^ March 2012 Global Catastrophe Recap (PDF) (Report). AON Benfield. 4 April 2012. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 28 January 2013.
edit
 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to 2011-12 Australian region cyclone season.
Retrieved from "https://en.wiki.x.io/w/index.php?title=2011–12_Australian_region_cyclone_season&oldid=1249178832#Tropical_Low_Fina"