Erica tetralix, the cross-leaved heath, is a species of flowering plant in the family Ericaceae, native to western Europe.
| Erica tetralix | |
|---|---|
| |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Ericales |
| Family: | Ericaceae |
| Genus: | Erica |
| Species: | E. tetralix
|
| Binomial name | |
| Erica tetralix | |
| |
Description
editIt is a perennial subshrub with glandular leaves in whorls of four (whence the name). Appearing in summer and autumn, small pink bell-shaped flowers droop in compact clusters at the ends of the shoots.
Similar species
editRelated species E. cinerea has glabrous leaves in whorls of three. Calluna vulgaris has much smaller and scale-like leaves in opposite and decussate pairs.[1]
Taxonomy
editThe sticky, adhesive glands on leaves, sepals and other parts of the plant prompted Charles Darwin to suggest that this species might be a protocarnivorous plant, but little, if any, research has been done on this.[2]
Distribution and habitat
editE. tetralix is native to western Europe from southern Portugal to central Norway, as well as a number of boggy regions further from the coast in Central Europe such as Austria and Switzerland. It has also been introduced to parts of North America.
E. tetralix can become a dominant part of the flora in bogs, wet heaths, and damp coniferous woodland.[3]
Ecology
editA species of Trialeurodes whitefly discovered in 1971 was named T. ericae for the plant, due to its frequent association with it.[4]
Cultivation
editIn cultivation, like other heathers, E. tetralix requires an acidic soil, as it is a calcifuge. Numerous cultivars have been developed for garden use, of which E. tetralix f. alba 'Alba Mollis'[5] (a white-flowered variety) and E. tetralix f. stellata 'Pink Star'[6] have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.[7]
In Culture
editIt appears in the 1938 German marching song "Erika" by Herms Niel.
References
edit- ^ Clive Stace (2010). New Flora of the British Isles (3rd ed.). Cambridge University Press.
- ^ Darwin, Charles (1875). Insectivorous Plants. London: J. Murray.
- ^ "Distribution map (polar view)". Linne's Webbplatz. Swedish Museum of Natural History. Archived from the original on 2005-11-22.
- ^ Bink-Moenen, Rosita M. (1 February 1976). "A new whitefly of Erica tetralix: Trialeurodes ericae sp. n. (Homoptera, Aleyrodidae)". Entomologische Berichten. 36 (2). Amsterdam: 17.
- ^ "Erica tetralix f. alba 'Alba Mollis'". Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 8 June 2020.
- ^ "Erica tetralix f. stellata 'Pink Star'". RHS. Retrieved 8 June 2020.
- ^ "AGM Plants - Ornamental" (PDF). Royal Horticultural Society. July 2017. p. 36. Retrieved 6 February 2018.
External links
edit
Media related to Erica tetralix at Wikimedia Commons
