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Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists

(Redirected from Clinical & Experimental Ophthalmology)

The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists (RANZCO) is the medical college responsible for training and professional development of ophthalmologists in Australia and New Zealand. Founded in 1997 in a merger of the Royal Australian College of Ophthalmologists (est. 1938) and the Ophthalmological Society of New Zealand (est. 1946), the primary headquarters of the college is in Sydney, Australia, with a branch in New Zealand and in each state of Australia.

The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists
AbbreviationRANZCO
Formation1 July 1997
Legal statusCompany limited by guarantee
PurposeRegulation and Representation of Ophthalmologists
Headquarters94-98 Chalmers Street, Surry Hills, New South Wales, Australia
Region served
Australia and New Zealand
President
Dr Grant Raymond[1]
AffiliationsAustralian Society of Ophthalmologists, Ophthalmology New Zealand, Australian Vision Research, Save Sight Society of New Zealand Inc.
Budget
$10.07 million (2021–22)[2]
Websitehttps://ranzco.edu/

College role

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In Australia and New Zealand, an ophthalmologist is required to have undertaken a minimum of 12 years of training, including:

  • 5–7 years at a medical school, graduating with a degree in medicine,
  • 2 years (minimum) as a newly qualified doctor undertaking basic medical training,
  • 5 years of ophthalmic specialist training and successful completion of examinations set by RANZCO.

Ophthalmologists who have successfully completed the training program of The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists are known as Fellows of the college (FRANZCO). There are currently about 700 Fellows in Australia.[3]

RANZCO is responsible for training, examining and representing medical practitioners in the specialty of ophthalmology, who upon completion of training, are equipped to undertake unsupervised ophthalmology practice. The RANZCO Continuing Professional Development Program assists its Fellows and Members in ongoing education and skills training.[4]

RANZCO also has a role in advocating in the area of eye healthcare in Australia, New Zealand and the Asia-Pacific region, and participates alongside the International Council of Ophthalmology (ICO), the International Agency for the Prevention of Blindness (IAPB), and the Commonwealth Eye Health Consortium.

History

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In 1899, Dr James Barrett, who had been a founding member of the Ophthalmological Society of the United Kingdom in 1890, worked with Dr A. L. Kennedy from the Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, to form the Ophthalmological Society of Victoria (OSV), which later became the Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Section of the Victorian Branch of the British Medical Association (BMA) in 1913.[5] In 1910 the Ophthalmological Society of New South Wales (OSNSW) was founded as an independent body, followed by groups in other states as sections or branches of the British Medical Association: Queensland in 1924, South Australia in 1925, and Western Australia in 1946.[5]

Royal Australian College of Ophthalmologists

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On 23 March 1938, 20 ophthalmologists from various states gathered in Sydney to form the Ophthalmological Society of Australia of the British Medical Association, with Sir James Barrett as its first president. Prior to this, the Intercolonial (later Australasian) Medical Congresses had provided the only vehicle for Australian ophthalmologists to meet and exchange professional ideas. Dissatisfaction with this arrangement led to the successful move to create a national organisation to represent the profession.[6] The Australian society absorbed the OSNSW and the eye sections of the BMA branches from Victoria, Queensland, and South Australia.[5]

In April 1939, the Ophthalmological Society of Australia held its first annual national scientific meeting in Melbourne. This meeting was followed later in 1939 by the publication of Transactions of the Ophthalmological Society of Australia. In the post-war years there was growing dissatisfaction about the standard of ophthalmological training in Australia, which led to the formation of the Australian College of Ophthalmologists in May 1969.[6]

The new college absorbed the members, assets, policies and procedures of the Society. In addition, the new Articles of Association provided for the college to supervise the training of aspiring ophthalmologists and conduct examinations to test and recognise their competence. The college was granted the "Royal" prefix by Queen Elizabeth II in 1977.[6]

Ophthalmological Society of New Zealand

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In 1939 there was an attempt to include New Zealand ophthalmologists in the Australian Society, but this was frustrated by the rules of the British Medical Association. The Ophthalmological Society of New Zealand (OSNZ) found its beginnings in a special meeting in February 1946 organised by Dr Walter Hope-Robertson during the annual conference of the New Zealand Branch of the British Medical Association. Hope-Robertson noted to that meeting that changes to the Social Security Act 1938 by the Labour government of Peter Fraser raised the possibility of a government-paid specialist service in New Zealand, and that there was concern that ophthalmic service fees could be restricted without an appropriate body to lobby for their interests.[7] A few days later, Dr William Fairclough was elected the first society president, and Sir Lindo Ferguson, New Zealand's first fully trained ophthalmologist, was asked to become the society's first patron.[7]

Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists

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In 1992, discussions began on the full amalgamation of OSNZ and RACO, culminating in 1997 with the joint decision to form a New Zealand Branch of the college.[7] The amalgamation took place on 1 July 1997, with the interim name being the "Royal Australian College of Ophthalmologists incorporating the Ophthalmological Society of New Zealand", pending the resolution of the 1999 Australian republic referendum to determine the royal status of the college.[8] There was discussion about whether the new name should be the "Australasian" or "Australian and New Zealand" College of Ophthalmologists, with the latter choice being favoured by the New Zealanders and was the one eventually chosen.[9] Approval was also required from the Queen regarding the retention of the "Royal" patronage of the new college, which was given in November 2000, with the change of name to "The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists".[10]

Presidents (OSA/ACO/RACO/RANZCO)

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  • Dr George Brew (1948–1949)[16]
  • Dr Arthur Joyce (1949–1950)[17]
  • Dr Walter Lockhart Gibson (1950–1951)[18]
  • Dr J. Bruce Hamilton (1951–1952)[19]
  • Dr Alfred Ladyman Tostevin (1952–1953)[20][21]
  • Dr Maxwell Clifford Moore AM (1964–1965)[22]
  • Dr Hugh Ryan AM (1965–1966)[23]
  • Dr Waddy Pockley (1966–1967)[24]
  • Dr David Waterworth (1967–1968)[25]
  • Dr James Foster (1968–1969)[26]
  • Dr Daniel Hart (1969–1970)[27]
  • Dr Reuben Hertzberg CBE AM (1970–1971)[28]
  • Dr Daniel Wilson (1971–1972)[29]
  • Dr Ronald Lowe (1972–1973)[30]
  • Dr David Crompton AO (1973–1974)[31]
  • Dr Lloyd Cahill MBE (1974–1975)[32]
  • Dr Tim Yates (1975–1976)[33]
  • Dr James McBride-White (1976–1977)[34]
  • Dr James Rogers (1977–1978)[35]
  • Dr Eddie Donaldson AO (1978–1979)[36]
  • Dr Geoffrey Harley AM (1979–1980)[37]
  • Dr Mark Harrison (1980–1981)[38]
  • Dr Kenneth George Howsam (1981–1982)[39]
  • Dr Remington Pyne (1982–1983)[40]
  • Dr Jack Hornbrook (1983–1984)[41]
  • Dr Theo Keldoulis (1984–1985)[42]
  • Dr Dick Galbraith OBE (1985–1986)[43][44]
  • Dr Ray Whitford (1986–1987)[45]
  • Professor Frank Billson AO (1987–1988)[46][47]
  • Dr Frank Sullivan OAM (1988–1989)[48][49]
  • Dr Peter Hardy-Smith OAM (1989–1990)[50][51]
  • Dr Wal Thyer (1990–1991)[52]
  • Dr John Milverton (1991–1992)[53]
  • Associate Professor Ian Favilla (1992–1993)[54]
  • Dr Emmanuel Gregory (1993–1994)[55]
  • Associate Professor Justin O'Day AM (1994–1995)[56][57]
  • Dr Geoffrey Morlet OAM (1995–1996)[58][59]
  • Associate Professor Frank Martin AM (1996–1997)[60][61]
  • Dr Brian Lockhart Gibson (1997–1998)[8]
  • Dr Bill Gillies OAM (1998–1999)[62][63]
  • Dr Michael Steiner (1999–2000)[64]
  • Dr John Crompton (2000–2001)[65]
  • Associate Professor Ivan Goldberg AM (2001–2002)[66]
  • Dr Bruce Hadden CNZM (2002–2003)[67][68]
  • Dr Peter Henderson (2003–2004)[69]
  • Dr Allan Rosenberg (2004–2006)[70]
  • Dr Andrew Stewart (2006–2007)[71]
  • Dr Iain Dunlop (2007–2009)[72]
  • Dr Richard Stawell (2009–2011)[73]
  • Dr William Glasson AO (2011–2012)[74]
  • Dr Stephen Best (2012–2014)[75]
  • Dr Bradley Horsburgh (2014–2016)
  • Professor Mark Daniell (2016–2018)[76][77]
  • Associate Professor Heather Mack AM (2018–2020)[78][79]
  • Professor Nitin Verma AM (2020–2022)[80][81][82]
  • Dr Grant Raymond (2022–present)[1]

Training

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The RANZCO trains ophthalmologists through the Vocational Training Program, which typically takes 5 years which includes both basic and advanced training. Trainees rotate through different hospitals for clinical development and training. The 7 key roles underpinning selection, training and assessment are: ophthalmic expert and clinical decision maker, communicator, collaborator, manager, health advocate, scholar, and professional.[83]

In January 2010, the Commonwealth Government's Department of Health and Ageing (DoHA) announced that it was to consolidate a range of programs aimed at establishing training places in settings other than the traditional public teaching hospitals into the one Specialist Training Program (STP). The STP is designed to expand the training opportunities for specialist trainees particularly in rural and private practice settings.[84]

Publications

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The college publishes a scientific journal, Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology (Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol.).

Coat of arms

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Australian arms

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When the Ophthalmological Society of Australia became the Australian College of Ophthalmologists, there was some discussion among members on adopting armorial bearings for the new college. In 1969, Dr James Foster, the first President of the college, and the Council asked Dr Edward Ryan and Dr Hugh Ryan to finalise a design. With assistance from A. Geoffrey Puttock, a final design was finally submitted to the College Council in 1970.[85] In the Australian Journal of Ophthalmology, Hugh Ryan described the final design as such:

"The design finally submitted to the Council was a shield resting on a grassy mound and supported on one side by the Lion of England and on the other side by the Eagle of the United States of America. These symbolised the debt Australian ophthalmologists owed to these countries. Above the shield was a helmet partly covered with a cloth and a wreath, surmounted by a kangaroo carrying a flaming torch - the torch of knowledge. The shield contained the sun, representing light and life, the staff of Aesculapius with a single serpent, which is a familiar and universal symbol in medicine, and the eye of Horus; to the latter a stalk and tail have been added to represent the “R” used in writing a prescription. This insignia is derived from the ancient Egyptian symbol known as the wedjat-eye or “sound-eye” (i.e. uninjured-eye) of Horus. The symbol is derived from the ancient myth in which the eye of the falcon god Horus was torn into fragments by the wicked god Seth. Later, the ibis god Thoth miraculously restored the injured eye by joining together its parts, whereby the eye regained its title the “sound-eye” or wedjat-eye. The symbol itself represents the human eye with markings of a falcon’s head. Wedjat-eye represents the myth of the restoration of the eye, its parts, exactness and precision, the sum of its parts, the skill and art needed in its restoration. It is a symbol of very great antiquity and was familiar to the world’s first ophthalmic specialists in ancient. The final design and the motto Ut Videamus were submitted to the Council in 1970. It made two alterations: the kangaroo holding the torch of knowledge was slightly altered, and the motto was altered from Ut Videamus (that we may see) to Ut Videant (that they may see). The quotation, of course, is from the Bible and is derived from the story of Bartimaeus, the blind man of Jericho, who, when asked what he wanted, cried out "Domine ut videam” (Lord that I may see). With a small modification to Ut Videamus (that we may see) - meaning that not only our patients should see, but also we ophthalmologists should have the understanding and the skill to heal them - it seemed an appropriate motto. However, the Council altered the motto to read Ut Videant (that they may see), a kind of restricted health benefit."[85]

When the Queen granted the Australia College the right to use the prefix Royal in 1977, in 1978 it was decided to apply to the College of Arms for a formal grant of arms. In granting the arms in 1982, the college made amendments to the design, including that the species of the eagle should be changed to the Bald eagle (Haliaetus leucocephalus) with its wings folded not raised, that the lion and eagle should have a red Tudor rose on their breast, and the removal of the grassy mound compartment.[85]

Coat of arms of the Royal Australian College of Ophthalmologists
Adopted
Granted by the Kings of Arms, 15 March 1982.[85]
Crest
Upon a Helm with a Wreath Or and Vert A Kangaroo holding in the sinister paw a Torch Or enflamed proper.
Helm
A closed Helmet, mantled Vert doubled Or.
Escutcheon
Vert in chief a Sun in splendour and in base a Rod of Aesculapius Or on a Canton of the last the Eye of Horus Sable.
Supporters
Dexter a lion Or and Sinister a Bald-headed Eagle proper on the breast of each a Rose Gules barbed and seeded proper.
Motto
Latin: Ut Videant ("That they may see")
Badge
A Plate rayonny Or thereon a Pomeis charged with the Eye of Horus Gold.

New Zealand arms

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In 1993, the Ophthalmological Society of New Zealand obtained its own coat of arms due to the efforts of Dr Dorothy Potter, featuring two Tuatara as supporters and a motto: Latin: E Tenebris Lux ("From Darkness, Light").[9]

Amalgamated college arms

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With the merger of the two bodies in 1997, the New Zealand Herald Extraordinary, Phillip O'Shea, advised that the armorial bearings of OSNZ, like those of the Australian College, would become dormant upon amalgamation.[7] Following an estimation that designing and applying for a new coat of arms might cost around $20,000, the decision was made that a new coat of arms for the amalgamated college would be designed "in-house" by Dr Harold Coop, an Auckland-based ophthalmologist, and that no official sanction would be sought from the College of Arms. This coat of arms was adopted in 2001, and is used in all college publications today.[7]

The arms features a kangaroo supporter to represent Australia and a Kiwi for New Zealand. The appearance and meaning of the escutcheon and the motto (Ut Videant – "That they may see") from the Australian arms granted in 1982 were retained in the new arms, except with the mantling and shield differenced Azure, to use the primary colour of the 1993 OSNZ arms and to represent the Pacific Ocean. The new crest incorporates the national flowers of the two countries – the Golden Wattle of Australia and the Pohutukawa of New Zealand, in front of a flaming torch to represent enlightenment and learning.[6]

References

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  1. ^ a b "RANZCO welcomes Dr Grant Raymond as President" (Media Release). Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists. 17 November 2022. Retrieved 8 October 2023.
  2. ^ "2021/2022 Annual Report". Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists. Retrieved 8 October 2023.
  3. ^ Lawson, Kerrie A.; Gregory, Ann T. (3 January 2012). "The medical colleges in Australia: besieged but bearing up | Medical Journal of Australia". Medical Journal of Australia. 183 (11). Mja.com.au. Retrieved 29 August 2012.
  4. ^ "RANZCO CPD Program". The Royal Australia and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists. Retrieved 26 March 2014.
  5. ^ a b c Carr, Emma (1 July 2019). "RANZCO Celebrates 50 Years". mivision. Retrieved 9 October 2023.
  6. ^ a b c d Dunn, Margaret (2019). "A History of the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists" (PDF). Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists. Retrieved 8 October 2023.
  7. ^ a b c d e Hadden, Bruce (15 December 2022). "A brief history of ophthalmology in New Zealand". New Zealand Optics. Retrieved 8 October 2023.
  8. ^ a b "Brian Lockhart Gibson, President of the Royal Australian College of Ophthalmologists incorporating the Ophthalmological Society of New Zealand, 1997 - 1998" (PDF). Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists. Retrieved 9 October 2023.
  9. ^ a b Hadden, Bruce (Winter 2016). "Ophthalmological Society of New Zealand" (PDF). Eye2Eye. 19 (2): 50–53. Retrieved 8 October 2023.
  10. ^ "College History". The Royal Australia and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists. Retrieved 26 March 2014.
  11. ^ "PERSONAL". The Examiner (Tasmania). Launceston, Tasmania, Australia. 12 October 1940. p. 6. Retrieved 9 October 2023 – via National Library of Australia.
  12. ^ "Sir Norman McAlister Gregg MC (7 March 1892 – 27 July 1966)" (PDF). Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists. Retrieved 9 October 2023.
  13. ^ "I HERALD TODAY". Melbourne Herald. Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. 28 October 1946. p. 13. Retrieved 9 October 2023 – via National Library of Australia.
  14. ^ "Joseph Ringland ANDERSON MC". World War I Honours and Awards Website. Scotch College Melbourne. Retrieved 9 October 2023.
  15. ^ "OBITUARY Eye specialist Dr Darcy Ambrose Williams". The Canberra Times. Australian Capital Territory, Australia. 1 September 1982. p. 12. Retrieved 9 October 2023 – via National Library of Australia.
  16. ^ "DR. G. A. BREW DIES". The Sydney Morning Herald. New South Wales, Australia. 13 October 1953. p. 8. Retrieved 12 October 2023 – via National Library of Australia.
  17. ^ "Many Guineas Night". The Age. Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. 10 October 1949. p. 5. Retrieved 12 October 2023 – via National Library of Australia.
  18. ^ "One of Few Women Eye Specialists". Brisbane Telegraph. Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. 27 May 1950. p. 6. Retrieved 12 October 2023 – via National Library of Australia.
  19. ^ "Specialists Confer At Hobart". The Examiner. Launceston, Tasmania, Australia. 13 November 1951. p. 3. Retrieved 12 October 2023 – via National Library of Australia.
  20. ^ "From three countries". News. Adelaide, South Australia. 13 October 1953. p. 10. Retrieved 12 October 2023 – via National Library of Australia.
  21. ^ "TOSTEVIN, Alfred Ladyman". Virtual War Memorial Australia. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
  22. ^ "Maxwell Clifford Moore AM, President of the Ophthalmological Society of Australia (OSA), 1964 – 1965" (PDF). Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
  23. ^ "Michael Hugh Mulvihille Ryan AM, President of the Ophthalmological Society of Australia (OSA), 1965 – 1966" (PDF). Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
  24. ^ "Edward Vanderbyl Waddy Pockley, President of the Ophthalmological Society of Australia (OSA), 1966 – 1967" (PDF). Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
  25. ^ "David Waterworth, President of the Ophthalmological Society of Australia (OSA), 1967 – 1968" (PDF). Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
  26. ^ "James Foster, Inaugural President of the Australian College of Ophthalmologists, 1968 – 1969" (PDF). Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
  27. ^ "Daniel Hart, President of the Australian College of Ophthalmologists, 1969 - 1970" (PDF). Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
  28. ^ "Reuben Hertzberg, CBE, AM, President of the Australian College of Ophthalmologists, 1970 - 1971" (PDF). Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
  29. ^ "Daniel Christian Wilson, J.P., President of the Australian College of Ophthalmologists, 1971 - 1972" (PDF). Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
  30. ^ "Ronald Francis Lowe, President of the Australian College of Ophthalmologists, 1972 - 1973" (PDF). Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
  31. ^ "David Crompton, AO, President of the Australian College of Ophthalmologists, 1973 - 1974" (PDF). Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
  32. ^ "(Richard) Lloyd Cahill, MBE, President of the Australian College of Ophthalmologists, 1974 - 1975" (PDF). Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
  33. ^ "Percy C. (Tim) Yates, President of the Australian College of Ophthalmologists, 1975 - 1976" (PDF). Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
  34. ^ "James McBride-White, President of the Australian College of Ophthalmologists, 1976 - 1977" (PDF). Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
  35. ^ "James Stewart Rogers, President of the Australian College of Ophthalmologists, 1977 - 1978" (PDF). Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
  36. ^ "Edgar (Eddie) John Donaldson AO, President of the Royal Australian College of Ophthalmologists, 1978 - 1979" (PDF). Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
  37. ^ "Geoffrey William Harley AM, President of the Royal Australian College of Ophthalmologists, 1979 - 1980" (PDF). Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
  38. ^ "Mark R. Harrison, President of the Royal Australian College of Ophthalmologists, 1980 - 1981" (PDF). Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
  39. ^ "Kenneth George Howsam, first Chairman of the Qualification and Education Committee (QEC) of the Australian College of Ophthalmologists, 1969 - 1972" (PDF). Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
  40. ^ "Remington John Pyne, President of the Australian College of Ophthalmologists, 1982 - 1983" (PDF). Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
  41. ^ "John Wallis (Jack) Hornbrook, President of the Royal Australian College of Ophthalmologists, 1983 - 1984" (PDF). Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
  42. ^ "Theo Keldoulis, President of the Royal Australian College of Ophthalmologists, 1984 - 1985" (PDF). Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
  43. ^ "James Ewen Kirkwood (Dick) Galbraith OBE, President of the Royal Australian College of Ophthalmologists, 1985 - 1986" (PDF). Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
  44. ^ "Mr James Ewen Kirkwood GALBRAITH - The Order of the British Empire - Officer (Civil) (Imperial)". Australian Honours Search Facility. Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet. 12 June 1976. Retrieved 14 October 2023. In recognition of service to medicine
  45. ^ "Ray Frank Whitford, President of the Royal Australian College of Ophthalmologists, 1986 - 1987" (PDF). Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
  46. ^ "Professor Francis (Frank) Alfred Billson AO, President of the Royal Australian College of Ophthalmologists, 1987 - 1988" (PDF). Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
  47. ^ "Australia Day 1987 Honours List - Professor Francis Alfred BILLSON - Officer of the Order of Australia". Australian Honours Search Facility. Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet. 26 January 1987. Retrieved 14 October 2023. In recognition of service to medicine, particularly in the field of ophthalmology.
  48. ^ "Frank Sullivan AO, President of the Royal Australian College of Ophthalmologists, 1988 - 1989" (PDF). Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
  49. ^ "Australia Day 2011 Honours List - Dr Francis Patrick SULLIVAN - Medal of the Order of Australia". Australian Honours Search Facility. Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet. 26 January 2011. Retrieved 14 October 2023. For service to medicine in the field of ophthalmology.
  50. ^ "Peter Hardy-Smith OAM, President of the Royal Australian College of Ophthalmologists, 1989 - 1990" (PDF). Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
  51. ^ "Australia Day 2006 Honours List - Dr Peter HARDY-SMITH - Medal of the Order of Australia". Australian Honours Search Facility. Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet. 26 January 2006. Retrieved 14 October 2023. For service to medicine in the field of ophthalmology and through support for professional organisations.
  52. ^ "Harold Walford Thyer, President of the Royal Australian College of Ophthalmologists, 1990 - 1991" (PDF). Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
  53. ^ "John Milverton, President of the Royal Australian College of Ophthalmologists, 1991 - 1992" (PDF). Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
  54. ^ "Associate Professor Ian Favilla, President of the Royal Australian College of Ophthalmologists, 1992 - 1993" (PDF). Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
  55. ^ "Emmanuel Gregory, President of the Royal Australian College of Ophthalmologists, 1993 - 1994" (PDF). Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
  56. ^ "Justin O'Day AM, Censor-in-Chief of the Royal Australian College of Ophthalmologists, 1990 - 1993" (PDF). Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
  57. ^ "Australia Day 2005 Honours List - Associate Professor Justin O'DAY - Member of the Order of Australia". Australian Honours Search Facility. Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet. 26 January 2005. Retrieved 14 October 2023. For service to medicine in the field of ophthalmology as a surgeon, clinician and teacher, to professional associations, and to the community.
  58. ^ "Geoffrey Morlet OAM, President of the Royal Australian College of Ophthalmologists, 1995 - 1996" (PDF). Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
  59. ^ "Australia Day 2000 Honours List - Dr Geoffrey Claude MORLET - Medal of the Order of Australia". Australian Honours Search Facility. Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet. 26 January 2000. Retrieved 14 October 2023. For service to medicine in the field of ophthalmology.
  60. ^ "Professor Frank Joseph Martin AM, President of the Royal Australian College of Ophthalmologists, 1996 - 1997" (PDF). Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists. Retrieved 9 October 2023.
  61. ^ "The Queen's Birthday 2001 Honours List - Dr Frank Joseph MARTIN - Member of the Order of Australia". Australian Honours Search Facility. Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet. 11 June 2001. Retrieved 14 October 2023. For service to medicine, particularly in the field of ophthalmology, as a clinician, teacher and administrator.
  62. ^ "William Elliott (Bill) Gillies OAM, President of the Royal Australian College of Ophthalmologists incorporating the Ophthalmological Society of New Zealand, 1998 - 1999" (PDF). Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists. Retrieved 9 October 2023.
  63. ^ "Australia Day 2003 Honours List - Dr William Elliott GILLIES - Medal of the Order of Australia". Australian Honours Search Facility. Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet. 26 January 2003. Retrieved 14 October 2023. For service to ophthalmology, particularly through the study of glaucoma and strabismus.
  64. ^ "Michael Steiner, President of the Royal Australian College of Ophthalmologists incorporating the Ophthalmological Society of New Zealand, 1999 - 2000" (PDF). Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists. Retrieved 9 October 2023.
  65. ^ "John Crompton, President of the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists 2000 – 2001" (PDF). Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists. Retrieved 9 October 2023.
  66. ^ "Ivan Goldberg AM, Censor-in-Chief of the Royal Australian College of Ophthalmologists, 1993 – 1999" (PDF). Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists. Retrieved 9 October 2023.
  67. ^ "Osmond Bruce Hadden CNZM, President of the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists, 2002 - 2003" (PDF). Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists. Retrieved 9 October 2023.
  68. ^ "The New Year Honours 2012". New Zealand Gazette (8): 215. 27 January 2012. Notice Number 2012-vr287. Dr Osmond Bruce Hadden, of Auckland. For services to ophthalmology.
  69. ^ "Peter Neil Henderson, President of the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists, 2003 – 2004" (PDF). Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists. Retrieved 9 October 2023.
  70. ^ "Allan Maurice Rosenberg, President of the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists, 2004 – 2006" (PDF). Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists. Retrieved 9 October 2023.
  71. ^ "Andrew Stewart, President of the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists, 2006 – 2007" (PDF). Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists. Retrieved 9 October 2023.
  72. ^ "Iain Dunlop, President of the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists, 2007 – 2009" (PDF). Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists. Retrieved 9 October 2023.
  73. ^ "Richard J. (Rick) Stawell, President of the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists, 2009 – 2011" (PDF). Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists. Retrieved 9 October 2023.
  74. ^ "Bill Glasson, President of the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists, 2011 – 2012" (PDF). Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists. Retrieved 9 October 2023.
  75. ^ "Stephen James Best, President of the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists, 2012 – 2014" (PDF). Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists. 2 February 2016. Retrieved 9 October 2023.
  76. ^ "Associate Professor Mark Daniell elected new RANZCO President" (Media Release). Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists. 8 April 2019. Retrieved 9 October 2023.
  77. ^ "Profile of President Mark Daniell 2016 - 2018" (PDF). Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists. Retrieved 9 October 2023.
  78. ^ "Profile of President Heather Mack 2018 – 2020" (PDF). Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists. Retrieved 9 October 2023.
  79. ^ "The Queen's Birthday 2021 Honours List - Dr Heather Gwen MACK - Member of the Order of Australia". Australian Honours Search Facility. Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet. 14 June 2021. Retrieved 14 October 2023. For significant service to ophthalmology, particularly to professional colleges.
  80. ^ "Clinical Prof Nitin AM Verma New President-Elect for RANZCO". mivision. 16 June 2020. Retrieved 9 October 2023.
  81. ^ "Profile of President Nitin Verma 2020 – 2022" (PDF). Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists. Retrieved 9 October 2023.
  82. ^ "The Queen's Birthday 2010 Honours List - Dr Nitin VERMA - Member of the Order of Australia". Australian Honours Search Facility. Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet. 14 June 2010. Retrieved 13 October 2023. For service to ophthalmology through executive roles with professional organisations, as a clinician and researcher, and to humanitarian health care projects in the Pacific region.
  83. ^ "Vocational Training Program (VTP)". The Royal Australia and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists. Retrieved 26 March 2014.
  84. ^ "Specialist Training Program". The Royal Australia and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists. Retrieved 26 March 2014.
  85. ^ a b c d Ryan, Hugh (1983). "The College Coat of Arms". Australian Journal of Ophthalmology. 11: 247–250. Retrieved 8 October 2023.
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