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The clay-colored sparrow or clay-coloured sparrow[1] (Spizella pallida) is a small New World sparrow of North America.
| Clay-colored sparrow | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Passerellidae |
| Genus: | Spizella |
| Species: | S. pallida
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| Binomial name | |
| Spizella pallida (Swainson, 1832)
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| |
Adults have light brown upperparts and pale underparts, with darker streaks on the back. They have a pale crown stripe on a dark brown crown, a white line over the eyes, a dark line through the eyes, a light brown cheek patch and brown wings with wing bars. The short bill is pale with a dark tip and the back of the neck is grey; they have a long tail. Non-breeding adults and immature resemble chipping sparrows and Brewer's sparrows; they often form flocks with these birds outside the nesting season.
| Standard Measurements[3][4] | |
|---|---|
| length | 5.1–6 in (130–150 mm) |
| weight | 12 g (0.42 oz) |
| wingspan | 7.5 in (190 mm) |
| wing | 62.7–67.8 mm (2.47–2.67 in) |
| tail | 62–68.4 mm (2.44–2.69 in) |
| culmen | 8.7–9.8 mm (0.34–0.39 in) |
| tarsus | 17.6–18.9 mm (0.69–0.74 in) |
Their breeding habitat is shrubby open areas and jack pine woods across central Canada and central northern United States east to the Great Lakes, and is expanding further eastward. The nest is an open cup on the ground or low in a shrub.
These birds migrate in flocks to southern Texas and Mexico.
They forage on the ground, mainly eating seeds and insects. Outside the nesting season, they often feed in small flocks. While nesting, these birds may feed far from the nest; feeding areas are not defended.
The male sings from an open perch to indicate his ownership of the nesting territory. The song is a Bzzzz bzzzz za za.
This bird's nests are made of grasses and lined with fine materials or hair. Three to five splotched blue-green eggs are laid and incubated for 11 days.[3] They are often parasitized by the brown-headed cowbird; the nest may be abandoned when this happens.
References
edit- ^ a b BirdLife International (2021). "Spizella pallida". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T22721165A136933440. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T22721165A136933440.en. Retrieved 14 September 2024.
- ^ "Spizella pallida | NatureServe Explorer". NatureServe Explorer. Retrieved 14 September 2024.
- ^ a b Godfrey, W. Earl (1966). The Birds of Canada. Ottawa: National Museum of Canada. p. 358.
- ^ Sibley, David Allen (2000). The Sibley Guide to Birds. New York: Knopf. p. 485. ISBN 0-679-45122-6.
External links
edit
- "Clay-colored sparrow media". Internet Bird Collection.
- Clay-colored sparrow - Spizella pallida - USGS Patuxent Bird Identification InfoCenter
- Clay-colored sparrow photo gallery at VIREO (Drexel University)
- BirdLife species factsheet for Spizella pallida
- "Spizella pallida". Avibase.
- Interactive range map of Spizella pallida at IUCN Red List maps
- Audio recordings of Clay-colored sparrow on Xeno-canto.
