Family tree of Chinese monarchs (1279–1912)

This is a family tree of Chinese monarchs from the Yuan dynasty to the end of the Qing dynasty.

Family trees of Chinese monarchs

Yuan dynasty and Northern Yuan

The following is the Yuan dynasty family tree. Genghis Khan founded the Mongol Empire in 1206. The empire became split beginning with the succession war of his grandsons Kublai Khan and Ariq Boke. Kublai Khan, after defeating his younger brother Ariq Boke, founded the Yuan dynasty of China in 1271. The dynasty was overthrown by the Ming dynasty during the reign of Toghun Temür in 1368, but it survived in the Mongolian Plateau, known as the Northern Yuan; years of reign over the Northern Yuan (up to 1388) are given in brackets.

Long before Kublai Khan announced the dynastic name "Great Yuan" in 1271, Khagans (Great Khans) of the Mongol State (Yeke Mongγol Ulus) already started to use the Chinese title of Emperor (Chinese: 皇帝; pinyin: Huángdì) practically in the Chinese language since Spring 1206 in the First Year of the reign of Genghis Khan (as 成吉思皇帝; 'Genghis Emperor'^[1]). However, The Mongol Khagans-Emperors and regents before Kublai Khan were only declared Yuan emperors after the creation of Yuan dynasty in 1271.

		Yesükhei Baghatur



1	2	3 (1)	4 (2)	5 (3)	6 (4)

Belgutei	Bekhter	Temujin Genghis Khan ~1162–1227 Taizu 太祖 Khagan: r. 1206–1227	Hasar	Hachiun	Temüge 1168–1246



1	2	3		4

Jochi c. 1181–1227	Chagatai 1183–1242	Ögedei Khan ~1186–1241 Taizong 太宗 Khagan: r. 1229–1241	Töregene Great Khatun 1242–1246	Tolui ~1190–1232 Ruizong 睿宗 (Khagan: r. 1227–1229)



		1	1	2	3	4

	Oghul Qaimish d. 1251 Khagan: r. 1248–1251	Güyük Khan ~1206–1248 Dingzong 定宗 Khagan: r. 1246–1248	Möngke Khan ~1208–1259 Xianzong 憲宗 Khagan: r. 1251–1259	Kublai Khan 1215–1294 Khagan: r. 1260–1271 Shizu 世祖 r. 1271–1294	Hulagu ~1217–1265 Ilkhan 1256–1265	Ariq Böke d. 1266 Khagan: r. 1259–1264



				2

				Zhenjin 真金 1243–1286 Yuzong 裕宗



	1		2	3

	Gammala 1263–1302 Xianzong 顯宗		Darmabala 1264–1292 Shunzong 順宗	Temür Öljeytü Khan 1265–1307 Chengzong 成宗 r. 1294–1307



	1		1	2

	Yesün Temür Khan 1293–1328 Taiding 泰定 r. 1323–1328		Kayishan Külüg Khan 1281–1311 Wuzong 武宗 r. 1307–1311	Ayurbarwada Buyantu Khan 1285–1320 Renzong 仁宗 r. 1311–1320



	1	1	2	1

	Ragibagh Khan ~1320–1328? Tianshun 天順 r. 1328	Kuśala Khutughtu Khan 1300–1329 Mingzong 明宗 r. 1329	Tugh Temür Jayaatu Khan 1304–1332 Wenzong 文宗 r. 1328–1329; 1329–1332	Shidibala Gegeen Khan 1303–1323 Yingzong 英宗 r. 1321–1323



		1	2

		Toghun Temür Ukhaantu Khan 1320–1370 Huizong 惠宗 r. 1333–1368 (–1370)	Rinchinbal Khan 1326–1332 Ningzong 寧宗 1332



		Northern Yuan





		Ayushiridara Biligtü Khan Zhaozong 昭宗 r. 1370–1378	Tögüs Temür Uskhal Khan Yizong 益宗 r. 1378–1388

Ming dynasty and Southern Ming

The following is a simplified family tree for the Ming dynasty, which ruled China between 1368 and 1644.

Those who became emperor are listed in bold, with their years of reign. In China, Ming emperors are best known by their temple names, which are given second below, after the personal name. (The Jianwen Emperor was not awarded a temple name: his posthumous name, Huidi (惠帝), is used instead.) The names given in bold are era names, the form by which Ming emperors are most commonly known in English, but which technically refer to the timespan of an emperor's reign rather than to the emperor himself. (Xingzong and Ruizong are temple names: they never actually ruled, but Xingzong was posthumously granted an emperor's title and Ruizong was raised posthumously to the status of emperor by his son, the Jiajing Emperor, in the Great Rites Controversy.) The imperial family's original family name was Zhu (朱), but the Hongwu Emperor adopted the dynastic name Ming (明) (as were all but one imperial Chinese dynasties), meaning "brilliant". The numbers here indicate the seniority in birth of an emperor's sons as the Ming Dynasty was the only Chinese dynasty to have the eldest surviving son succeed the throne in continuous fashion (though not for the Yongle, from whom all subsequent Ming emperors descend and Jingtai Emperors – both of whom usurped the throne; while the Jiajing – see above, and Chongzhen Emperors succeeded sonless brother), not unlike the Salic Law practised in some contemporary European monarchies (except that the eldest son by a non-principal consort was duly considered). After the fall of the dynasty in 1644 and the Chongzhen Emperor's suicide, a series of Ming princes based in the south of China claimed the imperial title, their court being known as the Southern Ming. These claimants are given with their era names, and the timespans of their purported reigns in brackets. Their purported periods of rule are given in brackets. In 1662, Koxinga regained control of Taiwan from the Dutch colonial regime, and established a state for those who wished restore the Ming dynasty to power. This state lasted until 1683, when it submitted to the Qing dynasty.

Legend:

- Ming dynasty emperors
- Southern Ming emperors

Zhu Yuanzhang
朱元璋
1328–1398

Taizu 太祖
Hongwu 洪武
r. 1368–1398

1

4

10

17

23

Zhu Biao 朱標
1355–1392
Xingzong 興宗

Zhu Di 朱棣
1360–1424

Chengzu 成祖
Yongle 永樂
r. 1402–1424

Zhu Tan
朱檀
1370–1389
Prince Huang
of Lu 魯荒王

Zhu Quan
朱權
1378–1448
Prince of
Ning 寧王

Zhu Jing
朱桱
1388–1415
Prince Ding
of Tang 唐定王

2

1

Zhu Yunwen 朱允炆
1377–1402?

Huidi 惠帝
Jianwen 建文
r. 1398–1402

Zhu Gaochi 朱高熾
1378–1425

Renzong 仁宗
Hongxi 洪熙
r. 1424–1425

Zhu Zhaohui
朱肇煇
1388–1466
Prince Jing
of Lu

Zhu Qiongda
朱瓊炟
d. 1475
Prince Xian
of Tang 唐憲王

1

7

1

Zhu Wenkui
朱文奎
1396-?

Zhu Zhanji 朱瞻基
1399–1435

Xuanzong 宣宗
Xuande 宣德
r. 1425–1435

Zhu Zhanyu
朱瞻墺
1409–1446
Prince Jing
of Huai 淮靖王

Zhu Taikan
朱泰堪
1412–1473
Prince Hui
of Lu 魯惠王

Zhu Zhizhi
朱芝址
d. 1485
Prince Zhuang
of Tang 唐莊王

1

2

1

Zhu Qizhen 朱祁鎮
1427–1464

Yingzong 英宗
Zhengtong 正统
r. 1435–1449
Tianshun 天順
r. 1457–1464

Zhu Qiyu 朱祁鈺
1428–1457

Daizong 代宗
Jingtai 景泰
r. 1449–1457

Zhu Qiquan
朱祁銓
1435–1502
Prince Kang
of Huai 淮康王

Zhu Yangzhu
朱陽鑄
1448–1523
Prince Zhuāng
of Lu 魯莊王

Zhu Miqian
朱彌鉗
Prince Gong
of Tang 唐恭王

1

Zhu Jianshen 朱見深
1447–1487

Xianzong 憲宗
Chenghua 成化
r. 1464–1487

Zhu Jiandian
朱見澱
?–1502
Prince Duan
of Huai 淮端王

Zhu Dangcong
朱當漎
1473–1505
Prince Huai
of Lu 魯懷王

Zhu Yuwen
朱宇溫
d. 1560
Prince Jing
of Tang 唐敬王

3

4

1

Zhu Youcheng 朱祐樘
1470–1505

Xiaozong 孝宗
Hongzhi 弘治
r. 1487–1505

Zhu Youyuan 朱祐杬
1476–1519

Ruizong 睿宗

Zhu Youkui
朱祐楑
1500–1537
Prince Zhuang
of Huai 淮莊王

Zhu Jianyi
朱健杙
1494–1520
Prince Dao
of Lu 魯悼王

Zhu Zhouyong
朱宙栐
d.1564
Prince Shun
of Tang 唐順王

1

2

1

Zhu Houzhao 朱厚照
1491–1521

Wuzong 武宗
Zhengde 正德
r. 1505–1521

Zhu Houcong 朱厚熜
1507–1567

Shizong 世宗
Jiajing 嘉靖
r. 1521–1567

Zhu Houchou
朱厚燽
1519–1563
Prince Xian
of Huai 淮宪王

朱觀𤊟
1520–1549
Prince Duan
of Lu 魯端王

Zhu Shuohuang
朱碩熿
d. 1632
Prince Duan
of Tang 唐端王

3

1

Zhu Zaiji 朱載坖
1537–1572

Muzong 穆宗
Longqing 隆慶
r. 1567–1572

Zhu Zaijian
朱载坚
?–1595
Prince Shun
of Huai 淮顺王

Zhu Yitan
朱頤坦
?–1594
Prince Gong
of Lu 魯恭王

Zhu Qisheng
朱器墭
Prince Yu
of Tang 唐裕王

3

4

9

Zhu Yijun 朱翊鈞
1563–1620

Shenzong 神宗
Wanli 萬曆
r. 1572–1620

Zhu Yiliu
朱翊镠
1568–1614
Prince of Lu

Zhū Yiju
朱翊鉅
?–1616
Prince of Huai
淮王

Zhu Shouyong
朱壽鏞
?–1639
Prince Su
of Lu 魯肅王

Zhu Yujian 朱聿鍵
1602–1646

Prince of Tang
唐王
Longwu 隆武
1645–1646

Zhu Yuyue
朱聿𨮁
1605–1646
Prince of Tang 唐王
Shaowu 紹武
r. 1646

1

3

7

3

5

Zhu Changluo 朱常洛
1582–1620

Guangzong 光宗
Taichang 泰昌
r. 1620

Zhu Changxun
朱常洵
1586–1641
Prince Zhong
of Fu 福忠王

Zhu
Changying
朱常瀛
1601–1645
Prince Duan of Gui
桂端王

Zhu
Changfang
朱常淓
1608–1646
Prince of Lu 潞王

Zhu Changqing
朱常清
d.1649
Prince of Huai
Dongwu 東武
r. 1648–1649

Zhu Yihai
朱以海
1618–1662
Gengyin
r. 1645–1655

Zheng
Chenggong
鄭成功
1624–1662
Koxinga 國姓爺
Ruler of
the Tungning
r. 1661–1662

1

5

8

4

Zhu Youjiao 朱由校
1605–1627

Xizong 熹宗
Tianqi 天啟
r. 1620–1627

Zhu Youjian 朱由檢
1611–1644

Sizong 思宗
Chongzhen
崇禎
r. 1627–1644

Zhu Yousong
朱由崧
1607–1646
Prince of Fu 福王
Hongguang
弘光
r. 1644–1645

Zhu Youlang
朱由榔
1623–1662
Prince of Gui 桂王
Yongli 永曆
r. 1646–1662

Zhu Honghuan
朱弘桓

Zhèng Shì
鄭氏

Later Jin and Qing dynasty

The following is a simplified family tree for the Qing dynasty, which was established in 1636, ruled China proper from 1644 to 1912.

Those who became emperor of China are listed in bold, with their years of reign. Nurhaci was Khan of Later Jin from 1616 to 1626. Hong Taiji was Khan of Later Jin from 1626 to 1636, and Emperor of the Qing dynasty from 1636 to 1643. During these periods, the two monarchs only dominated Manchuria, but were not emperors of China as a whole; their years of reign over the dynasty are therefore given in brackets. The names given for emperors are era names, the form by which Qing emperors were most commonly known (with the exception of Puyi, who ruled as the Xuantong Emperor, but was generally known by his given name after his deposition). Puyi abdicated as head of state on February 12, 1912, but was permitted to retain his imperial titles until 1924. The imperial family's original Manchu clan name was Aisin Gioro (lit. "golden clan"). The dynasty was originally titled the Later Jin, in reference to its origins in the Jurchen-led Jin dynasty (1115–1234), by Nurhaci in 1616, but in 1636 Hong Taiji opted to replace this title with the Chinese dynastic title Qing (清), meaning "clear" or "pure".

Family Tree

- Qing dynasty emperors
- 1st generation of Iron Cap Princes
– – – - The dashed lines denotes the adoptions

			Giocangga 覺昌安 d.1582



			Taksi 塔克世 d. 1583 "Xianzu" 顯祖



			1					3

			Nurhaci 努爾哈赤 1559–1626 Taizu 太祖 r. 1616–1626					Šurhaci 舒爾哈齊 1564–1611 Prince Zhuang of the First Rank 莊親王



1	2	7	8	12	13	14	15	6

Cuyen 褚英 1580–1615 Crown Prince Guanglue 廣略太子	Daišan 代善 1583–1648 Prince Li Lie of the First Rank 禮烈親王	Abatai 阿巴泰 1589–1646 Prince Rao Yu of the Second Rank	Hong Taiji 皇太極 1592–1643 Taizong 太宗 r. 1626–1643	Ajige 阿濟格 1605–1651 Prince Ying of the First Rank	Laimbu 賴慕布 1612–1646 Bulwark Duke 輔國公	Dorgon 多爾袞 1612–1650 Prince Rui Zhong of the First Rank 睿忠親王	Dodo 多鐸 1614–1649 Prince Yu Tong of the First Rank 豫通親王	Jirgalang 濟爾哈朗 1599–1655 Prince Zheng Xian of the First Rank 鄭獻親王



		1	5	9

Yoto 岳托 1599–1639 Prince Keqin of the Second Rank 克勤郡王	Sahaliyan 薩哈璘 1604–1636 Prince Ying Yi of the First Rank 穎毅親王	Hooge 豪格 1609–1647 Prince Su Wu of the First Rank 肅武親王	Shuosai 碩塞 1627–1654 Prince Chengze Yu of the First Rank 承澤裕親王	Fulin 福臨 1638–1661 Shunzhi 順治 Shizu 世祖 r. 1643–1644– –1661



				3

	Lekdehun 勒剋德渾 1619–1652 Prince Shuncheng Gonghui of the Second Rank 順承恭惠郡王			Xuanye 玄燁 1654–1722 Kangxi 康熙 Shengzu 聖祖 r. 1661–1722



1	2	3	4	8	9	13	14

Yunzhi 1672–1734 Prince Zhi of the Second Rank 直郡王	Yinreng 胤礽 1674–1725 Prince Li Mi of the First Rank 理密親王	Yinzhi 胤祉 1677–1732 Prince Cheng Yin of the First Rank 誠隱親王	Yinzhen 胤禛 1678–1735 Yongzheng 雍正 Shizong 世宗 r. 1723–1735	Yinsi 胤禩 1681–1726	Yuntang 允禟 1683–1726	Yinxiang 胤祥 1686–1730 Prince Yi Xian of the First Rank 怡賢親王	Yinti 胤禵 1688–1756 Prince Xun Qin of the Second Rank 恂勤郡王



			4

			Hongli 弘曆 1711–1799 Qianlong 乾隆 Gaozong 高宗 r. 1735–1796



		5	15				17

		Yongqi 永琪 1741–1766 Prince Rongchun of the First Rank 榮純親王	Yongyan 顒琰 1760–1820 Jiaqing 嘉慶 Renzong 仁宗 r. 1796–1820				Yonglin 永璘 1766–1820 Prince Qingxi of the First Rank 慶僖親王



		2	3			4

		Minning 旻寧 1782–1850 Daoguang 道光 Xuanzong 宣宗 r. 1820–1850	Miankai 綿愷 Prince Dun of the First Rank 1795–1838			Mianxin 綿忻 Prince Rui of the First Rank 1805–1828	Mianxing 綿性 Fuguo Gong 輔國公



		4	5	6	7		1

		Yizhu 奕詝 1831–1861 Xianfeng 咸豐 Wenzong 文宗 r. 1850–1861	Yicong 奕誴 1831–1889 Prince Dunke of the First Rank 惇恪親王	Yixin 奕訢 1833–1898 Prince Gongzhong of the First Rank 恭忠親王	Yixuan 奕譞 1840–1891 Prince Chunxian of the First Rank 醇賢親王	Yizhi 奕誌 1827–1850	Yikuang 奕劻 1838–1917 Prince Qingmi of the First Rank 慶密親王





		1	2	1	5	7	1

		Zaichun 載淳 1856–1875 Tongzhi 同治 Muzong 穆宗 r. 1861–1875	Zaiyi 載漪 1856–1922 Prince Duan of the Second Rank 端郡王	Zaitian 載湉 1871–1908 Guangxu 光緒 Dezong 德宗 r. 1875–1908	Zaifeng 載灃 1883–1951 Prince Chun of the First Rank 醇親王	Zaitao 載濤 1887–1970 Beile 貝勒	Zaizhen 載振 1876–1947 Prince Qing of the First Rank



				1	2	4

				Puyi 溥儀 1906–1967 Xuantong 宣統 r. 1908–1912	Pujie 溥傑 1907–1994	Puren 溥任 1918–2015