Childs-Irving Hydroelectric Facilities consisted of two 20th-century power plants, a dam, and related infrastructure along or near Fossil Creek in the U.S. state of Arizona. The complex was named an Historic Mechanical Engineering Landmark in 1971 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places 20 years later. Decommissioned in 2005, the plants no longer produce electricity, and much of the infrastructure—including the dam, the Irving Power Plant, and thousands of feet of concrete flumes—have been removed, and the creek's original flow has been restored.
Childs-Irving Hydroelectric Facilities | |
 A map showing the locations of Fossil Creek and the Childs-Irving power plants | |
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| Location | Yavapai and Gila counties, Arizona, United States |
|---|---|
| Nearest city | Camp Verde, Arizona |
| Coordinates | 34°20′59″N 111°41′57″W / 34.34972°N 111.69917°W |
| Built | 1909 |
| NRHP reference No. | 91001023[1] |
| Added to NRHP | August 9, 1991 |
History
editThe water rights of Fossil Creek, which flows from the Mogollon Rim near Strawberry, Arizona, to the Verde River downstream of Camp Verde, were purchased in 1900 by rancher Lew Turner. His goal was to generate hydroelectric power for sale to mining communities in the Bradshaw Mountains and Black Hills in Yavapai County, such as the copper mines at Jerome.[2]
Arizona Power Company—later a part of the Arizona Public Service Company (APS)—began construction of the Childs Power Plant in 1908. Because the land around Fossil Creek consists mainly of mountainous terrain and canyons, and the nearest railroad station was in Mayer, more than 400 mules and 600 men were used to pull more than 150 wagons along the 40-mile (64 km) trail from Mayer to the stream. Most of the workers were Apache and Mojave Indians, who built a dam, powerhouse, and about 8,800 feet (2,700 m) of concrete flumes to carry water to the Childs plant, along the Verde River near the mouth of the creek.[2][3]
The Irving plant, along the creek between Childs and Fossil Springs, was constructed in 1915–16.[2] The system of canyons and steep falls from the springs to the Verde River outlet provided an ideal location for a hydroelectric plant. The constant flow of 43 cubic feet per second (1.2 m3/s) from the springs, the creek's main water source, was also a factor in site selection.[3] Once completed, the two plants combined to produce 4.2 megawatts of electrical power.[3]
To build the Childs plant, the Arizona Power Company raised money through investment bonds sold by William Bonbright and Company. The plant was named for S. W. Childs, the Bonbright Company's bond-broker. The Irving plant was named for Irving Bonbright, a co-founder of the Bonbright Company. The reservoir known as Stehr Lake was named for Frederick W. Stehr, treasurer of the Arizona Power Company.[2]
The American Society of Mechanical Engineers named Childs-Irving an Historic Mechanical Engineering Landmark in 1976. In 1991, Childs-Irving was added to the National Register of Historic Places.[4]
In 2005, after assessing costs, the plants' relatively low production of electricity, and the goodwill to be generated from stream restoration, APS closed both power plants. In 2008, APS removed the diversion dam, the flumes, and access roads, and planted native vegetation near the dam site.[5]
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Interior of Childs power plant -
Power lines on the Childs plant roof -
The Childs plant -
The Childs plant -
Bridge over the turbine outlets at the Childs plant -
One of the turbine outlets in operation -
Water from the Childs turbines flows into the Verde River.
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Flume and tunnels
editThe first stage of development included a flume and tunnels made of concrete.
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Flume -
Flume -
Flume
Stehr Lake
editBetween the Irving and Childs plants, the creek water exited the flume and tunnels and entered an artificial reservoir, Stehr Lake. The lake provided a backup water supply for the Childs plant when the flume system above the lake was shut down for maintenance. The lake held enough water to run the plant normally for 3.5 days.[2]
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The flow from the flume is moderated as it enters Stehr Lake. -
Stehr Lake -
Stehr Lake
Fossil Springs and Creek were so named due to the large amount of calcium carbonate in the water, causing bone-like deposits, or travertine, to form in and around the creek bed.[3]
See also
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References
edit- ^ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. April 15, 2008.
- ^ a b c d e Steely, James W. (November 2004). "Childs-Irving Hydroelectric Project" (PDF). Historic American Engineering Record. Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress. Retrieved September 18, 2022.
- ^ a b c d "Childs Irving Hydroelectric Project History". Arizona Public Service. Archived from the original on May 10, 2012. Retrieved November 20, 2012.
- ^ "Future of Childs-Irving Power Plants on the Line". Payson Roundup. November 16, 1998. Archived from the original on January 31, 2013. Retrieved November 19, 2012.
- ^ McKinnon, Shaun (December 27, 2008). "State Trying to Protect the Lush Fossil Creek". The Arizona Republic. Gannett. Retrieved November 20, 2012.
External links
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Media related to Childs-Irving Hydroelectric Facilities at Wikimedia Commons
- APS Childs-Irving Collection at the Arizona State Library, Archives and Public Records
- Historic American Engineering Record (HAER) No. AZ-65, "Childs-Irving Hydroelectric Project, Forest Service Road 708/502, Camp Verde, Yavapai County, AZ", 2 photos, 1 measured drawing, 25 data pages, 1 photo caption page, plus 32 additional records on individual components