This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. The specific problem is: coherent English. (December 2024) |
Cồn Cỏ [] (also known as Tigris Insula in the maritime terminology) is an island district of Quảng Trị province in the North Central Coast region of Vietnam.
Cồn Cỏ district
Huyện đảo Cồn Cỏ | |
|---|---|
| Cồn Cỏ island district | |
 Satellite image of Cồn Cỏ Island. | |
| Nickname(s): "The Jade" (Viên ngọc xanh) "The Outport of the East Sea" (Tiền đồn biển Đông) | |
| Motto(s): "Brighten the future" (Bừng sáng tương lai) | |
 | |
| Country |  Vietnam |
| Region | North Central Coast |
| Province | Quảng Trị |
| District establishment | October 1, 2004 |
| Central agency | Km0+500, Cồn Cỏ Island |
| Government | |
| • Type | District People's Committee |
| • Chairman | Võ Viết Cường |
| • Party's Secretary | Võ Viết Cường |
| Area | |
• Total | 0.9 sq mi (2.3 km2) |
| Population (2023) | |
• Total | 400[1] |
| Time zone | UTC+07:00 (ICt) |
| ZIP | 48950[2] |
| Website | Conco.quangtri.gov.vn |
History
editAlthough its name Cồn Cỏ means "the grass bund", but actually it originates from a wrong way of Hòn Hổ[3] (Tigris Insula), what is the Annamese translation of Pulau Harimau in Middle Ages Champa language. But anyway, no one has explained the exact cause of this name.
Cồn Cỏ is an island and is located 27 km to the east of Mũi Lay, what is the farthest place in the east of Quảng Trị mainland.
- Middle Ages
By recent archaeological work, in the Bến Nghè area of the island, there are rock artefacts believed to date to the Stone Age, tens of thousands of years ago.[4] In the first few centuries CE, Areca Tribes inhabited the island.
According to local legends, the last Cham residents left the island in the 18th century to yield Kinh groups settling down. There were no conflicts that occurred, because the water source and survival conditions in this island are inherently limited. Excavations undertaken in 1994 show that during the 17th and 18th centuries, the island was a stopover point for Vietnamese sea merchants.
During the time of the Nguyễn dynasty, the island was used to imprison convicts, and some objects such as chains and metal clasps have been found there.
- XX century
Due to its proximity to the Vietnamese Demilitarized Zone, during the Vietnam War, Tigris Insula was used as a base for North Vietnamese military forces.[5]
On 14 March 1965 the island was attacked by Republic of Vietnam Air Force A-1 Skyraiders.[5]
On 27 June 1972, North Vietnamese coastal artillery on Cồn Cỏ Island fired on US warships, including USS Blue Ridge, supporting a landing of South Vietnamese Marines near the Cửa Việt River.[6]
After Vietnam reunited (July 2, 1976), Cồn Cỏ Island was part of Vĩnh Quang commune, Vĩnh Linh rural district, Quảng Trị province. Because this area has a special defense and security, it has not had any level of civil government. Instead, it was the direct management of a command of a naval battalion ("bộ tư lịnh hải quân Cồn Cỏ", then "ban chỉ huy quân sự hải đảo Cồn Cỏ"). Besides, Cồn Cỏ Airport (phi cảng Cồn Cỏ) and aviation activities are under the control of the air force.
- XXI century
According to Decree No. 174/2004/ND-CP of the Government of Vietnam, which was issued on October 1, 2004, Vĩnh Quang commune was renamed Cửa Tùng township, but Cồn Cỏ Island was separated from Vĩnh Linh area to become into Cồn Cỏ Island District.
Since November 2015, Cồn Cỏ has been converted from the regulation of military island to civil island. This has allowed the normalization of commercial and tourism activities.
According to the orientation of the Provincial People's Committee, what was proposed in an interdisciplinary meeting in November 2024, Cồn Cỏ and the surrounding waters will be a key economic zone (mô hình kinh tế trọng điểm) of the whole Quảng Trị in the period from 2025 to 2035. Accordingly, the provincial authorities will deduct and invite investment to bring Cồn Cỏ Island into a port, which enjoys the regulations as a city : The Project of the Cồn-cỏ Super-port (Đề án Siêu cảng Cồn Cỏ).[7][8][9] Also according to this resolution, the future of the inhabitants on the island must face a challenge : Both they want to develop a multi-service economy and to protect the ecological environment. In particular, the problem of electricity and soft drinks has not yet been properly solved.
Geography
editAdministration
edit
Cồn Cỏ Island has an area of 2.3 km2 (0.89 sq mi), the isometric form of hills, the highest peak of 63m. This is a young volcanic island, composed of basalt and basalt tuff stones of Neogene – Quaternary age.[10]
Before it became its own district, the island was in the commune of Vĩnh Quang, in Vĩnh Linh district of Quảng Trị Province. The island became a district through Decree 174/2004 NĐ-CP of October 1, 2004. Province officials held a ceremony to create the district on April 18, 2005.
As of 2023 the district had a population of 400.[11] The district covers an area of 2.3 km2, making one of the smallest districts in Vietnam. The district capital lies at Đảo Cồn Cỏ.[12]
Climate
edit| Climate data for Cồn Cỏ | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 31.6 (88.9) |
34.2 (93.6) |
34.2 (93.6) |
35.8 (96.4) |
38.6 (101.5) |
37.8 (100.0) |
37.8 (100.0) |
38.1 (100.6) |
37.5 (99.5) |
34.2 (93.6) |
31.6 (88.9) |
30.7 (87.3) |
38.6 (101.5) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 23.0 (73.4) |
23.2 (73.8) |
24.8 (76.6) |
27.7 (81.9) |
31.1 (88.0) |
33.0 (91.4) |
33.1 (91.6) |
32.7 (90.9) |
30.8 (87.4) |
28.9 (84.0) |
26.7 (80.1) |
24.0 (75.2) |
28.3 (82.9) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 20.7 (69.3) |
20.9 (69.6) |
22.2 (72.0) |
24.8 (76.6) |
27.8 (82.0) |
29.5 (85.1) |
29.6 (85.3) |
29.4 (84.9) |
28.1 (82.6) |
26.6 (79.9) |
24.6 (76.3) |
22.0 (71.6) |
25.5 (77.9) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 18.9 (66.0) |
19.2 (66.6) |
20.4 (68.7) |
22.8 (73.0) |
25.4 (77.7) |
27.2 (81.0) |
27.2 (81.0) |
27.1 (80.8) |
25.8 (78.4) |
24.5 (76.1) |
22.9 (73.2) |
20.4 (68.7) |
23.5 (74.3) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 10.7 (51.3) |
13.3 (55.9) |
12.4 (54.3) |
17.1 (62.8) |
19.3 (66.7) |
22.7 (72.9) |
22.6 (72.7) |
23.5 (74.3) |
21.0 (69.8) |
18.7 (65.7) |
14.2 (57.6) |
11.1 (52.0) |
10.7 (51.3) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 147.9 (5.82) |
69.1 (2.72) |
62.7 (2.47) |
58.6 (2.31) |
81.0 (3.19) |
72.9 (2.87) |
65.9 (2.59) |
172.5 (6.79) |
426.5 (16.79) |
512.2 (20.17) |
317.0 (12.48) |
237.5 (9.35) |
2,223.8 (87.55) |
| Average rainy days | 15.8 | 13.0 | 11.5 | 8.3 | 7.8 | 4.7 | 4.7 | 8.2 | 14.9 | 19.2 | 17.8 | 18.4 | 144.7 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 89.6 | 92.2 | 92.6 | 91.2 | 86.0 | 78.9 | 76.9 | 78.1 | 82.7 | 85.0 | 84.4 | 86.0 | 85.4 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 89.6 | 107.6 | 148.0 | 142.2 | 248.7 | 259.9 | 277.8 | 215.0 | 173.9 | 95.1 | 82.3 | 91.6 | 1,931.4 |
| Source: Vietnam Institute for Building Science and Technology[13] | |||||||||||||
Culture
editBecause Cồn Cỏ area was quite high in defense, it was less known for decades. Starting in the 2000s, only one service is called Cồn Cỏ Tourism with the function of bringing visitors to Cồn Cỏ and promoting its beauty to the outside.
Every year, every April is the beginning of the Cồn Cỏ tourist season. Tourists are taken to the island to attend the memorial service for those who are still alive (lễ truy-điệu sống),[14] a custom that is thought to have been existed for a long time. These are the people who are going to board a fishing boat in the ocean or are about to go to the battle. Their fate is considered to be very scary but also full of glory. Therefore, the memorial service is the way that relatives text them that they will never be forgotten.
Until the time of Covid-19 pandemic, the most typical cultural work on Cồn Cỏ Island was just Hoa Phong Ba Kindergarten and Primary School ("the stormy flower"), what was built all 5 billion Vietnam dongs by the Petroleum Drilling and Drilling Corporation from 2011 to 2015. This was also known as one of the rare areas in Vietnam almost no infection from Covid-19.
See also
edit
References
edit- ^ Find the right development direction for Cồn Cỏ
- ^ Tổng hợp mã ZIP Quảng Trị mới và chính xác nhất năm 2023
- ^ Lịch sử Đảo Cồn Cỏ, truyền thuyết và tên gọi đảo Cồn Cỏ ?
- ^ Nguyễn Hương Mai. Đảo thép Cồn Cỏ. NXB Tài nguyên môi trường và Bản đồ Việt Nam. Hà Nội.2019. Bài 1: "Những cái nhất của Cồn Cỏ và những cư dân dân sự đầu tiên"
- ^ a b Kelley, Michael (2002). Where we were in Vietnam. Hellgate Press. p. 513. ISBN 978-1555716257.
- ^ "Blue Ridge III (LCC-19)". Naval History and Heritage Command. Retrieved 27 September 2016.
- ^ Huyện Cồn Cỏ mời gọi đầu tư phát triển kinh tế biển
- ^ Huyện đảo Cồn Cỏ khai thác thế mạnh để phát triển kinh tế
- ^ Xây dựng đảo Cồn Cỏ thành trung tâm dịch vụ và tiền đồn ở biển Đông
- ^ Trần Đức Thạnh; Lê Đức An; Nguyễn Hữu Cử; Trần Đình Lân; Tạ Hoà Phương; Nguyễn Văn Quân (2012). "Biển đảo Việt Nam - Tài nguyên vị thế và những kỳ quan địa chất, sinh thái tiêu biểu (Vietnamese sea and islands – position resources, and typical geological and ecological wonders)". Khoa học Tự nhiên và Công nghệ. Hà Nội. doi:10.13140/RG.2.1.3586.8403.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ "Tìm hướng phát triển phù hợp cho Cồn Cỏ". Báo Nhân Dân điện tử (in Vietnamese). 2023-05-02. Retrieved 2024-10-27.
- ^ "Districts of Vietnam". Statoids. Retrieved March 20, 2009.
- ^ "Vietnam Institute for Building Science and Technology" (PDF). Retrieved 16 August 2023.
- ^ Ở Cồn Cỏ nhớ về những buổi truy điệu sống
Further reading
editBibliography
edit- Crawfurd, John (21 August 2006) [originally published 1828]. Journal of an Embassy from the Governor-general of India to the Courts of Siam and Cochin China. Vol. 2 (2nd ed.). London: H. Colburn and R. Bentley. OCLC 03452414.
- Dyhouse, Janie (August 2018). "Searching for Sunday". VFW Magazine. Vol. 105, no. 10. Kansas City, Mo.: Veterans of Foreign Wars of the United States. pp. 26–27. ISSN 0161-8598.
Nearly 50 years ago, a U.S. soldier in Vietnam saved a baby's life. Now he hopes to reconnect with her.
- Murfin, Gary D., A. Terry Rambo, Le-Thi-Que, Why They Fled: Refugee Movement during the Spring 1975 Communist Offensive in South Vietnam Asian Survey, Vol. 16, No. 9. (Sep., 1976): 855–863
- Pearson, Lieutenant General Willard. The War in the Northern Provinces: 1966–1968, Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, (1975).
- Schulzinger, Robert D. A Time for War: The United States and Vietnam, 1941–1975 (1997).