Călinescu is a Romanian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
- Armand Călinescu (1893–1939), Romanian economist, politician and assassinated Prime Minister
- George Călinescu (1899–1965), Romanian literary critic, writer and journalist
- Matei Călinescu (1934–2009), Romanian literary critic
- Paul Călinescu (1902–2000), Romanian film director
- Max Călinescu (born 2003), Canadian voice actor