Kurds in the United Kingdom or British Kurds (Kurdish: کوردانی شانشینی یەکگرتوو, Kurdên Brîtanya) refers to people of Kurdish origin born in or residing in the United Kingdom.
| Languages | |
|---|---|
| English, Kurdish | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Iranian peoples |
History
editKurdish people first arrived in Britain in large numbers during the 1980s,[1] mostly from the disputed territories of Kurdistan (Iraq, Turkey, Iran, and Syria), many of them fleeing oppression.[2]
Demography
editPopulation size
editAccording to the Department for Communities and Local Government, drawing on a BBC source, the Kurdish community in the UK numbered around 50,000 in 2002, among which Iraqi Kurds make up the largest group, exceeding the numbers from Turkey and Iran.[3] They have settled across the country, including in major cities such as London, Birmingham, Manchester, Leeds, and Glasgow.[4][5]
In the 2011 census, "Kurdish" was not one of the predefined tick-box answers for the ethnicity question on the UK Census, but respondents are able to write in their preferred self-designation.[6]
Detailed census numbers
edit| Region | 2011[7][8][9] | 2021/22[10][11] |
|---|---|---|
| Greater London | 20,988 | 30,870 |
| West Midlands | 6,121 | 12,066 |
| Yorkshire and the Humber | 5,723 | 12,007 |
| North West England | 4,808 | 11,781 |
| East Midlands | 3,108 | 6,051 |
| South East England | 2,446 | 5,665 |
| East of England | 2,315 | 5,337 |
| North East England | 1,221 | 3,512 |
| South West England | 1,141 | 3,112 |
| Wales | 1,106 | 2,579 |
| Scotland | 844 | |
| Northern Ireland | 20 | 190 |
| United Kingdom | 49,841 | 93,174 |
Integration issues
editWriting in 2009, criminologist Aisha Gill noted that little research had taken place into honour crimes in the UK, and that this lack of evidence was "particularly marked in the case of Iranian and Kurdish communities, where the incidence of honor crimes is increasing".[12]
A report published by the Centre for Gender and Violence Research at the University of Bristol and the University of Roehampton in 2010 notes that "it is important to recognize that it is not possible to associate honour-based violence with one particular religion...or culture", but also concludes that "[h]onour-based violence remains prevalent in Kurdish communities in different locations", including the UK. The report finds that "the patriarchal or male-dominated values that underpin these communities often conflict with the values, and even laws, of mainstream UK society. This makes it particularly hard for second or third generation women to define their own values...Instances of HBV [honour-based violence] often result from conflicting attitudes towards life and family codes".[13] Banaz Mahmod, a 20-year-old Iraqi Kurd woman from Mitcham, south London, was killed in 2006, in a murder orchestrated by her father, uncle and cousins.[14] Her life and murder were presented in a documentary called Banaz: A Love Story, directed and produced by Deeyah Khan. Other examples include the first honour killing to be legally recognised in the UK, which was that of Heshu Yones, who was stabbed to death by her Kurdish father in London in 2002 when her family discovered she had a Lebanese Christian boyfriend,[15] and the killing of Tulay Goren, a Kurdish Muslim girl who immigrated with her family from Turkey.[16] The Centre for Gender and Violence Research report finds that: "Both HBV survivors and women's NGOs working with them continue to encounter inadequate responses and poor practice which needs to be addressed, as well as potentially racist, judgmental and stigmatizing attitudes".[13] The Iranian and Kurdish Women's Rights Organisation has called for a national strategy to address the problem of honour killings.[17] Other UK-based Kurdish organisations attempting to tackle the issue of honour killings include Kurdish Women Action Against Honour Killing.[12]
Notable people
edit- Freema Agyeman (born 1979), actress
- Feryal Clark (born 1979), Labour MP
- Ibrahim Dogus (born 1980), restaurateur and Labour councillor
- Deba Hekmat (born c. 2001), model and actress
- Shwan Jalal (born 1983), football coach
- Allan Mustafa (born 1985), actor, comedian and writer
- Nadhim Zahawi (born 1967), Conservative politician
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "To whom do I turn when I am invisible?: The experience of Kurdish workers who have problems at work?" (PDF). London Metropolitan University. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 July 2010. Retrieved 4 December 2009.
- ^ "Recording Kurdish history in London". Untold London. 9 March 2006. Archived from the original on 5 July 2008. Retrieved 29 December 2008.
- ^ Communities and Local Government (2009), The Iraqi Muslim Community in England: Understanding Muslim Ethnic Communities, Communities and Local Government, p. 35, ISBN 978-1-4098-1263-0, archived from the original on 19 September 2012
- ^ "Kurdish culture in the UK". Kurdish Human Rights Project. January 2006. Archived from the original on 18 February 2012. Retrieved 17 December 2009.
- ^ Dissanayake, Samanthi (9 December 2008). "UK Kurds fight separate battles". BBC News. Retrieved 29 December 2008.
- ^ "Ethnic Group". Office for National Statistics. 2 November 2011. Retrieved 30 April 2015.
- ^ "Table CT0010EW 2011 Census: Ethnic group (write-in responses), local authorities in England and Wales". Office for National Statistics. 30 January 2013. Retrieved 12 May 2015.
- ^ "Ethnic group (detailed): All people" (PDF). National Records of Scotland. 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 May 2014. Retrieved 12 May 2015.
- ^ "Ethnic group - Full detail: QS201NI". Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency. Archived from the original on 23 September 2019. Retrieved 12 May 2015.
- ^ "Ethnic group (detailed)". Office for National Statistics. 29 November 2022. Retrieved 7 July 2023.
- ^ "MS-B02: Ethnic group - full detail". Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency. 31 May 2023. Retrieved 7 July 2023.
- ^ a b Gill, Aisha (2009). "Honor Killings and the Quest for Justice in Black and Minority Ethnic Communities in the United Kingdom". Criminal Justice Policy Review. 20 (4): 475–494. doi:10.1177/0887403408329604. S2CID 145648755.
- ^ a b Begikhani, Nazand; Gill, Aisha; Hague, Gill; Ibraheem, Kawther (November 2010). "Final Report: Honour-based Violence (HBV) and Honour-based Killings in Iraqi Kurdistan and in the Kurdish Diaspora in the UK" (PDF). Centre for Gender and Violence Research, University of Bristol and Roehampton University. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 March 2017. Retrieved 19 May 2016.
- ^ "Banaz Mahmod 'honour' killing cousins jailed for life". BBC News. 10 November 2010. Retrieved 20 April 2015.
- ^ Rose, Jacqueline (5 November 2009). "A Piece of White Silk". London Review of Books. 31 (21): 5–8.
- ^ Bingham, John (17 December 2009). "Honour killing: father convicted of the killing of Tulay Goren". The Daily Telegraph. London.
- ^ Talwar, Divya; Ahmad, Athar (9 July 2015). "'Honour crime': 11,000 UK cases recorded in five years". BBC News. Retrieved 20 May 2016.
External links
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