Maleng (autonym: /malɛ̤ŋ²/[2]), also known as Pakatan and Bo, is a Vietic language of Laos and Vietnam.
| Maleng | |
|---|---|
| Pakatan | |
| Bo | |
| Native to | Laos, Vietnam |
Native speakers | 3,700 (2000–2007)[1] |
Austroasiatic
| |
| Dialects |
|
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | Either:pkt – Pakatanbgl – Bo |
| Glottolog | male1282 Malengbola1249 Bo-Maleng |
| ELP | Maleng |
Maleng has the four-way register system of Thavung augmented with pitch.[3]
Malieng, despite having the same name as Maleng, is a dialect of Chut (Chamberlain 2003, Sidwell 2009).
Varieties
editMaleng consists of three dialect clusters:[2]
- Maleng (Mã Liềng); Kha Pakatan; Malang; Arem/Harème (Rivière 1902).[4] Sub-varieties include Kha Muong Ben and Kha Bo (Fraisse 1950).[5]
- Ma Lieng, also known as Pa Leng (Đặng Nghiêm Vạn et al. 1986)[6]
- Kha Phong (formerly an exonym, but now also used as an autonym); Maleng Kari; Maleng Bro. Also known as Kha Nam Om (Fraisse 1949).[7] The Kha Phong live in 2 to 3 villages in Laos, and in one village in Ha Tinh province, Vietnam. Strongly influenced by Lao. Maleng Bro was documented by Michel Ferlus in 1992 (see Ferlus 1997[8]), and also by the 2012-2013 Russian-Vietnamese Linguistic Expedition.
Distribution
editMaleng is spoken in the following villages of Laos and Vietnam.[9]
- Khammouane province, Laos
- Nậm Huay
- Pung Kợt
- Song Khon
- Upper Nrong River
- Xang Huay E An
- Quảng Bình province (500+ people) and Hà Tĩnh province (in Hương Khê district; 133 people in 2012), Vietnam[2]
- Hương Lâm
- Hương Liên
- Lâm Hóa
References
edit- ^ Pakatan at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
Bo at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required) - ^ a b c Babaev, Kirill; Samarina, Irina (2021). Sidwell, Paul (ed.). A Grammar of May: An Austroasiatic Language of Vietnam. Brill. p. 12. ISBN 978-9-00446-108-6.
- ^ Sidwell, Paul. Vietic languages. Mon-Khmer Languages Project.
- ^ Rivière, Capitaine M. 1902. Vocabulaires Hang-Tcheh, Khas Xos, Harème. Mission Pavie, Géographie et voyages. IV. Paris: Ernest Leroux.
- ^ Fraisse, André. 1950. Les tribus Sèk et Kha de la province de Cammon (Laos). Bulletin de la Société des études indochinoises 25.3:333–348.
- ^ Đặng Nghiêm Vạn, Chu Thái Sơn, Lưu Hùng. 1986. Les ethnies minoritaires du Vietnam. Hanoi: Editions en langues étrangères.
- ^ Fraisse, André. 1949. Une civilisation de clairière au Laos: le Cammon. Annales de Géographie 58.310:158–161.
- ^ Ferlus, Michel. 1997. Le maleng brô et le vietnamien. Mon-Khmer Studies 27:55–66.
- ^ Babaev, Kirill Vladimirovich [Бабаев, Кирилл Владимирович]; Samarina, Irina Vladimirovna [Самарина, Ирина Владимировна]. 2019. Язык май. Материалы Российско-вьетнамской лингвистической экспедиции / Jazyk maj. Materialy Rossijsko-vetnamskoj lingvisticheskoj ekspeditsii. Moscow: Издательский Дом ЯСК. ISBN 978-5-907117-34-1. (in Russian). p.16.