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Bengali language movements in India

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The Bengali Language Movement is a campaign to preserve Bengali language and Bengalis culture and to oppose anti-Bengali sentiment in India.[1] The movement was started in Manbhum in 1940, ahead of the Partition of India which allocated eastern Bengal to the new nation of Pakistan and led to the relocation of many Bengali communities.[1] In 1947 British India bifurcated into India and Pakistan.[2] The population of the eastern part of Bengal was majority Muslim, and was incorporated into Pakistan. Bengali Hindus in this eastern region migrated to India, principally settling in West Bengal, Chhattisgarh, Dandakaranya and Odisha,[3] Maharashtra, Karnataka.[4] The Movement remains prominent in Assam, Jharkhand, Bihar, Chhattisgarh and Karnataka.[5][3][4]

Bengali language movement in India
Part of Anti-Hindi agitations in India, Bengali nationalism
Location
Assam, Bihar, Delhi, Meghalaya states in India
Caused byTo oppose anti-Bengali sentiment
GoalsTo preserve Bengali language and Bengalis culture and in India
StatusOngoing in many areas

Assam

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Main article: Bengali Language Movement (Barak Valley)
See also: Barak state movement
 
A memorial built on memory of language martyrs at Silchar railway
 
station Silchar railway station language Known as Shahid Station

The Bengali language movement of Barak Valley in Assam was the protests against the decision of Assamese government making Assamese language as the state's only official language, though majority of the population was the Bengali-speaking in Barak Valley. The main event happened on 19 May 1961. On that day, 11 defendants were killed in provincial police.[6] After that Bengali was declared as the Official Language of the valley and Second Official language of the state.

Bihar

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Main article: Bengali Language Movement (Manbhum)
 
Interview of language soldiers participating in Bangla Language Movement of Manbhum
 
Bhabini Mahato to take part in the Bengali language movement manabhumera.

When the Indian government imposed the Hindi language for Bengali speaking people living in Manbhum district of the state of Bihar, they forced the government to form a new district in the state of West Bengal by making this movement for Bangla language.

Other parts in India

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West Bengal

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Main article: Anti-Hindi agitations of West Bengal

Jharkhand

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Jharkhand is not only in the neighboring state of West Bengal but parts of Rarh region of western part of ancient Bengal are included in this particular state. In many districts of this state, the districts were not included in West Bengal despite the Bengali population being the largest. In addition, Bangla and tribes of Bangla Jharkhand (which are called the Definition of Bengali) are the languages connecting However, although Hindi, English and Urdu have the status of the official language of the state, Bengali is still not recognized as the official language. Many Bengali organizations of Jharkhand and tribal organizations have long been demanding to declare Bangla as the official language. Although Bengal was declared the second official language under the pressure of Bengali movement in Jharkhand, it has not been implemented. Apart from Bangla-speaking students, the deprivation has been accepted, Bengali medium schools have been converted through Hindi.[7][8][9]

Chhattisgarh

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After the 1947 partition of India, by Dandakaranya Project, the Hindu refugees of East Bengal rehabilitated in 132 villages and 33 villages of Pachanjoore. For them, arrangements primary and secondary education were arranged. However, after the Dandakaranya project Government of Chhattisgarh stopped providing education for Bengalis. Bengali medium schools were converted through Hindi. No Bengali medium books were provided and Bengali educators face discrimination. The students started showing protests. After the formation of movement under the leadership of the All India Bengali Refugees Association demanding Bengali medium schools, Bangla in primary and secondary level and Bangla in government services. The protests were not fruitful. Majority of Bengalis migrated to other states.[10][11][12][13][14]

Delhi

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During the partition of India in 1947 refugees from East Bengal took refuge in Delhi in the capital of India. At that time, Chittaranjan Park was the main residence in Delhi. Bengali's living in Delhi from last 200 years when Bengal regiment captured Delhi from Maratha in 1803. Bengali's living in Delhi from the time of Mughal when Sultan of Bengal used to do trade. Many Bengali businessman used to come to Delhi and stayed. Many Bengali school which established before independence. Around more than 10 Bengali school's opened before independence and they are N P Bengali Girls Senior Secondary School, Shyama Prasad Vidyalaya, Bidhan Chandra Vidyalaya Senior Secondary School, Union Academy Senior Secondary School, Lady Irwin Senior Secondary School, Raisina Bengali Senior Secondary School, Bengali school J Block Laxmi nagar, Bengali Boys Senior Secondary School, Vinay Nagar Bengali Senior Secondary School, Ramakrishna Sarda Mission Nivedita Vidyamandir and these schools are English medium with Bangla is a mandatory subject. Besides, Bengalis from West Bengal, Tripura, Assam, Jharkhand and other Bengali-speaking states of India came to Delhi, before the Sindhi, Punjabis, and Baniya's.

Bengalis became Delhi's second largest minority community. According to the Indian population, approximately 2.5 million (25 lakhs) Bengali people live in Delhi.[15] But, there too Bengalis acknowledged discrimination. Although there are other languages Nizasub academy in Delhi, there is no Bengali language academy. Bangla Medium School is not available for Bengali Studies in Delhi. Therefore, Bengalis in Delhi are protesting for the rights of language. Attempts at establishing a Bangla Academy in Delhi are currently underway due to the Bengali movement[15][16][17] teacher[18][19] Rajesh Sarkar.[20][21][22][23][24]

Karnataka

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A section of the refugees of East Bengal took shelter in different villages of the southern state of Karnataka. There was no arrangement for Bangla readers to read Bengali there. Bengali medium and Bengali Bengalis in Karnataka took the movement to accept the language as a text issue. Their demand for movement The Karnataka government arranges for Bengali reading in the Bengali villages of the country.[25] Bengalis In Karnataka, the Government of Karnataka recognized Bengal as the second language in the movement.[25]

References

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  1. ^ a b "The Official Website of Purulia District". purulia.nic.in. Retrieved 2018-01-07.
  2. ^ Khan, Yasmin (2007). The Great Partition: The Making of India and Pakistan. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0300120783.
  3. ^ a b Progress report. "29 New Villages Established in Dandakaranya" (PDF). Yojana. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 February 2015. Retrieved 7 January 2018.
  4. ^ a b "Bengali | Gets | Second Language | Status | Karnataka". www.oneindia.com. Retrieved 2018-01-07.
  5. ^ Pisharoty, Sangeeta Barooah. "In Language Movements of West Bengal and Assam, a Parallel in Governments' Responses". thewire.in. Retrieved 2018-01-07.
  6. ^ Choudhuri, Arjun. "Bhasha Shahid Divas". We The People, Barak Valley. Retrieved 23 May 2013.
  7. ^ "Bengalis feel ignored by Jharkhand govt - Times of India". The Times of India. 26 February 2002. Retrieved 2017-12-21.
  8. ^ "Make Bengali the second official language: Bangabhasi Samity". News18. 22 February 2015. Retrieved 2017-12-21.
  9. ^ "Bengali Language & Bengali speaking population in Jharkhand". Anil mandal's blog. 2014-11-12. Retrieved 2017-12-21.
  10. ^ News of Dandkaranya. "Rebirth of Bangladeshi Hindu Refugee - Dandakaranya". Archived from the original on 23 March 2017. Retrieved 7 January 2017.
  11. ^ refugees (2012-08-21). refugees and Borders : The Great Exodus of 1971. Routledge. p. 151. ISBN 9781136250361. Retrieved 7 January 2017.
  12. ^ Dandkaranya Project. Dandakaranya: A Survey of Rehabilitation (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 7 January 2017.
  13. ^ work. Villages Established (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 February 2015. Retrieved 7 January 2017.
  14. ^ Project Detail. "Rs. 7.81 crores has been provided for Rehabilitation". Archived from the original on 25 February 2015. Retrieved 7 January 2017.
  15. ^ a b কাঞ্জিলাল, সুমনা. "দিল্লিতে বাংলা আকাদেমি গঠনে তৎপরতা".
  16. ^ "Bengal: Students clash with police in school over appointment of teachers, one dead". The Indian Express. 2018-09-20. Retrieved 2018-09-26.
  17. ^ "Students clash with police over appointment of teachers in West Bengal, 1 dead". India Today. 21 September 2018. Retrieved 2018-09-26.
  18. ^ Joarder, Sayani. "ইসলামপুরের স্কুলে চলল গুলি, নিহত ছাত্র". kolkata24x7.com (in Bengali). Archived from the original on 2018-09-26. Retrieved 2018-09-26.
  19. ^ "উত্তর দিনাজপুরে ছাত্র পুলিশ খন্ড যুদ্ধে মৃত 1 আজ 12 ঘণ্টার বনধ ডাকল বিজেপি". NDTV.com. Retrieved 2018-09-26.
  20. ^ "| india news | Hindustan Times". hindustantimes.com/. 2018-09-20. Retrieved 2018-09-26.
  21. ^ "Bengali News - ছাত্র বিক্ষোভে বোমা-গুলি-লাঠিচার্জ ইসলামপুরে, মৃত ১ প্রাক্তন ছাত্র–News18 Bengali". bengali.news18.com (in Bengali). Retrieved 2018-09-26.
  22. ^ "ইসলামপুরে গুলিবিদ্ধ আরও এক ছাত্রের মৃত্যু, বন‌্ধ ঘিরে অশান্তি". Anandabazar Patrika (in Bengali). Retrieved 2018-09-26.
  23. ^ "Islampur Clash: Another Student Dies, BJP Bandh Underway". The Wire. Retrieved 2018-09-26.
  24. ^ হেদায়েতুল্লা, মেহেদি. "জখম ছাত্রকে শিলিগুড়িতে". Anandabazar Patrika (in Bengali). Retrieved 2018-09-26.
  25. ^ a b http://www.prothom-alo.com/amp/international/article/3856কর্ণাটকে-রাজ্যভাষার-মর্যাদা-পেল‘বাংলা’[permanent dead link‍]
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