Battle of St. Matthew's Day

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The Battle of Matthew's Day (Estonian: Madisepäeva lahing) was fought near Viljandi (probably in Vanamõisa) on 21 September 1217^[1]^[2] during the Livonian Crusade. The adversaries were the Sword Brethren (a German Crusading order) with their recently converted Livonian and Latgalian allies versus an army of 6,000 Estonian men from different counties, led by Lembitu, who had attempted to unify the Estonians. The Germans won, although the converted Livonian chieftain Caupo of Turaida died. Lembitu was also killed, and many other Estonians were forced to convert.

Battle of St. Matthew's Day

Part of Northern Crusades

Location of Vanamõisa village. Probable place of battle.

Date	21 September 1217
Location	Near Viljandi, Estonia. 58°26′48″N 25°28′57″E / 58.4467°N 25.4825°E / 58.4467; 25.4825
Result	Livonian victory

Belligerents

Counties of Ancient Estonia

Sword Brethren
Livonians
Latgalians

Commanders and leaders

Lembitu of Lehola †
Vootele †
Manivald †
Unnepeve

Volquin
Caupo of Turaida †
Bernard II of Lippe

Strength

6,000

3,000

Casualties and losses

~1,000 (Henry of Latvia)

~100

References

edit

^ Battle of St. Matthew's Day on September 21, 1217 @ Frucht, Richard (2005). Eastern Europe. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-57607-800-6.
^ Battle of St. Matthew's Day (September 21) @ Miljan, Toivo (2004). Historical Dictionary of Estonia. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-4904-4.

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