Battle of Kirina

Battle of Kirina
Date	c. 1235
Location	Kirina in the Koulikoro Region, Mali12°18′23″N 8°09′06″W / 12.3063°N 8.1516°W
Result	Sundiata Keita's victory; Fall of Sosso;
Territorial; changes	Establishment of the Mali Empire
Belligerents
Sosso	Mandinka
Commanders and leaders
Sumanguru Kanté	Sundiata Keita

The Battle of Kirina, also known as the Battle of Krina or siege of Karina (c. 1235), was a confrontation between Sosso king Sumanguru Kanté and Mandinka prince Sundiata Keita. Sundiata Keita's forces roundly defeated those of Sumanguru Kanté, guaranteeing the pre-eminence of Keita's new Mali Empire over West Africa.^[1]

Prelude

By the late twelfth century, the formerly dominant Ghana Empire had collapsed, following internal strife and political intervention of the Almoravids in the eleventh century. A number of smaller neighboring states rushed to fill the power void, including the Sosso people of the Kaniaga kingdom, and the Mandinka people of the Upper Niger. Under the leadership of Soumaro Kanté, the Sosso seized Koumbi Saleh, former capital of the Ghana Empire, and expanded outward, conquering the Mandinka among others.

During the battle

The exiled Mandinka prince Sundiata Keita organized a coalition of smaller kingdoms to oppose the growing power of the Sosso. The opposing armies met in the Koulikoro Region of what is now Mali in about 1235. Sundiata Keita's forces were victorious, and marched on to raze Sosso. The date is often cited as the beginning of the Mali Empire, which would control most of West Africa for the next two centuries.

Aftermath

The story of the battle is retold in the Epic of Sundiata, widely considered Mali's national epic. In it, Sumanguru Kanté is an evil sorcerer-king who oppresses the Mandinka people; however, when Sundiata discovers that his sacred animal is the rooster, he is able to wound Sumanguru Kanté with an arrow tipped by a cock's spur. The Sosso king then flees the field, disappearing into the Koulikoro mountains. A version of this story was recounted by Maximilien Quenum in his Légendes africaines.^[2]

Notes

^ ^a ^b Carruth, Gorton, The encyclopedia of world facts and dates, pp 167, 1192 HarperCollins Publishers, 1993, ISBN 006270012X
^ Blair, Dorothy S. (1976). African Literature in French: a history of creative writing in French from west and equatorial Africa. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 35. ISBN 978-0-521-21195-6.

References

Davidson, Basil. Africa in History. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1995.

External links

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[Carruth-1] Carruth, Gorton, The encyclopedia of world facts and dates, pp 167, 1192 HarperCollins Publishers, 1993, ISBN 006270012X

[lit-2] Blair, Dorothy S. (1976). African Literature in French: a history of creative writing in French from west and equatorial Africa. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 35. ISBN 978-0-521-21195-6.

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