The Battle of Espinosa de los Monteros took place during the Napoleonic Wars, fought on 10 and 11 November 1808 at the village of Espinosa de los Monteros in the Cantabrian Mountains. It resulted in a French victory under Marshal Victor against Lieutenant General Joaquín Blake's Army of Galicia.[2]
| Battle of Espinosa de los Monteros | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of the Peninsular War | |||||||
 | |||||||
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
 French Empire |
 Spain | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
|
Claude Victor |
Joaquín Blake Pedro Caro, 3rd Marquis of la Romana | ||||||
| Strength | |||||||
| 21,000[1] | 23,000[1] | ||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||
| 1,100[1] | 5,400[1] | ||||||
Background
editThe Dos de Mayo Uprising had put Iberia in revolt against French rule. The Spanish conventional warfare had started at El Bruch (June 1808), while the Battle of Bailen (July 1808) marked the first open-field defeat of a Napoleonic army.[3] British intervention had started at Roliça (August 1808), and Napoleon's personal participation in the invasion of Spain started with the engagement of Joaquín Blake's forces at Zornoza.
Battle
editVictor launched a series of attacks on the first day that were thrown back with heavy losses by the disciplined regulars of General La Romana's Division of the North. By nightfall, Blake's positions still held. On the morning of 11 November, Victor regained his composure and coordinated a massive French attack that pierced Blake's left wing and drove the Spaniards from the field.[4]
General Acevedo launched a counterattack, with two brigades of the Asturian division, some five thousand troops each, commanded by Cayetano Valdés y Flores and Gregorio Bernaldo de Quirós. The troops headed downhill into a barrage of musket-fire from Maison's brigade of fusiliers, resulting in the Spanish commanding officers, at the head of their raw recruits, bearing the brunt of the fire; General Quirós was killed and both Valdés and Acevedo were seriously wounded, the latter blinded. The defeated Army of the Left suffered over five thousand casualties.[5]
Blake led his remaining men through a heroic retreat west through the mountains to escape Soult's pursuit. However, when Blake arrived at León on 23 November, only 20,000 of his men remained, in an extremely bad condition.[4]
Aftermath
editNapoleon's invasion of Spain proceeded with the Battle of Tudela.
In popular culture
edit- The Gun, by C. S. Forester (author of the Horatio Hornblower series), begins with the Spanish retreat from Espinoza.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b c d e Bodart 1908, p. 391.
- ^ Esdaile 2003, p. 133.
- ^ Oman, Charles (1902). A History of the Peninsular War, Vol. I, p. 204. Project Gutenberg. Retrieved 28 February 2023.
- ^ a b Esdaile 2003, pp. 133–134.
- ^ (in Spanish). Guerrero Acosta, José Manuel. "Vicente María Acevedo y Pola". Diccionario Biográfico electrónico (DB~e). Real Academia de la Historia. Retrieved 21 March 2023.
Bibliography
edit- Bodart, Gaston (1908). Militär-historisches Kriegs-Lexikon (1618-1905). Retrieved 17 May 2021.
- Esdaile, Charles J. (2003). The Peninsular War. Palgrave MacMillan. ISBN 978-1-4039-6231-7. Retrieved 17 May 2021.
External links
edit
Media related to Battle of Espinosa de los Monteros at Wikimedia Commons}
| Preceded by Battle of Gamonal (Burgos) |
Napoleonic Wars Battle of Espinosa de los Monteros |
Succeeded by Battle of Tudela |