The Battle of Cape Espichel took place on 29 July 1180 between the fleets of the Kingdom of Portugal and the Almohad Caliphate, off Cape Espichel, Atlantic Ocean, on the coast of Setúbal. The Portuguese left the battle victorious and it marked their first naval battle in history.
| Battle of Cape Espichel | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of the Reconquista | |||||||
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
 Kingdom of Portugal |
 Almohad Caliphate | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
|
Fuas Roupinho |
Gamin ben Mardanis † | ||||||
| Strength | |||||||
|
20 galleys Other small transport ships[1] | Unknown | ||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||
| Unknown |
Many vessels captured Many dead | ||||||
Background
editDue to the great maritime activity by the Almohads near the Portuguese coasts, King Afonso I of Portugal decides to create a powerful fleet, appointing Fuas Roupinho to be its admiral. At the time, Fuas was already a very respected Portuguese. In 1179, he was Mayor of Coimbra and was at the Castle of Leiria when he heard about the presence, of the Moorish King of Mérida, Gamir. He left the castle with his forces and attacked the Moors, who were defeated. He then went, with King Gamir and almost the entire Moorish army captive, to Coimbra, where he was received with triumphant acclamations.[2]
Battle
editThe Almohad fleet, led by Gamin ben Mardones, departed from Sevilla with the aim of attacking Lisbon once again.[3] The Portuguese, after receiving news of the attack, quickly put together a powerful fleet to try to combat the Muslim threat.[4]
After some time, the two nations entered into direct combat. The Portuguese sailors were inexperienced, after all it was their first naval battle. However, their courage made up for the lack of experience and so they ended up managing to defeat the enemy, inflicting many losses, capturing several vessels and killing the Muslim commander.[5]
Aftermath
editWith victory assured, the Portuguese chased the Almohads to Algarve and then to Ceuta, where Fuas Roupinho captured more vessels in the harbour, doing great damage.[6][7]
After these great victories, Fuas Roupinho tried again to attack Ceuta in 1182, but this attempt did not go well for the Portuguese, where they ended up losing their admiral in combat.[8]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Mira, Manuel (2001). The Portuguese Making of America. P.A.H.R. Foundation. ISBN 978-0-9658927-1-1.
- ^ Grande enciclopédia portuguesa e brasileira: Ilustrada com cêrca de 15.000 gravuras e 400 hors-textes a côres ... (in Brazilian Portuguese). Editorial Enciclopédia, limitada. 1936.
- ^ Moing, Guy Le (2016-03-24). L'Histoire de la marine pour les Nuls (in French). edi8. ISBN 978-2-7540-8805-3.
- ^ Guibout, A. (2016-10-25). Épisodes de l'histoire du Portugal (in French). Collection XIX. ISBN 978-2-346-12025-3.
- ^ Schäfer, Heinrich (1840). Histoire de Portugal: depuis sa séperation de la Castille jusqu'à nos jours (in French). Parent-Desbarres.
- ^ Mira, Manuel (2001). The Portuguese Making of America. P.A.H.R. Foundation. ISBN 978-0-9658927-1-1.
- ^ Schäfer, Heinrich (1840). Histoire de Portugal: depuis sa séperation de la Castille jusqu'à nos jours (in French). Parent-Desbarres.
- ^ Hattendorf, John B.; Unger, Richard W. (2003). War at Sea in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. Boydell Press. ISBN 978-0-85115-903-4.