Balša III (Serbian Cyrillic: Балша III; Albanian: Balsha III) or Balsha III (1387 – 28 April 1421, in Belgrade) was the fifth and last ruler of Zeta from the Balšić noble family, from April 1403 to April 1421. He was the son of Đurađ II and Jelena Lazarević.
| Balša III Balsha III | |
|---|---|
| Lord of Zeta | |
 Coat of arms of the Balsha family | |
| Lord of Zeta | |
| Reign | April 1403 – 28 April 1421 |
| Predecessor | Gjergj II Balsha |
| Successor | Stefan Lazarević |
| Born | 1387 |
| Died | 28 April 1421 (aged 33–34) Belgrade, Serbian Despotate |
| Spouse |
|
| Issue | Jelena Balsha Unknown Son Theodora Balsha |
| House | Balsha |
| Father | Gjergj II Balsha |
| Mother | Jelena Lazarević |
Reign
edit
In April 1403, the seventeen-year-old Balša became the ruler of Zeta when his father Đurađ II died as a result of the injuries he had suffered at the Battle of Tripolje. As he was young and inexperienced, his main advisor was his mother, Jelena, a sister of the ruler of Serbia at the time, Stefan Lazarević. Under the influence of his mother, Balša reverted the order of the state religion, passing a law declaring Orthodox Christianity as the official confession of the state, while Catholicism became a tolerated confession.
Balša waged the First Scutari War, a 10-year war, against Venice. In 1405, Ulcinj, Bar and Budva were seized by the Venetians. Balša then became a vassal to the Ottoman Turks. In 1409, however, Venice had purchased the rights to Dalmatia from King Ladislaus of Naples and began fighting for control of Dalmatian cities. After a huge effort, Balša seized Bar from the Venetians in 1412. Venice, pressed with difficulties, had no choice but to agree to return territories it had previously seized.[1] In 1413 he built a church dedicated to Saint Nicholas at the Praskvica Monastery.[2] According to a chapter Balša issued in 1417, he was probably a ktitor of the Moračnik Monastery.
Balša had waged a new war against Venice, which was connected to the war with the Hungarians and the Turks. In 1418, he conquered Shkodër from the Venetians, but lost Budva and Luštica with its salt works. In 1419, he made an unsuccessful attempt to recapture Budva. He went to Belgrade to ask for aid from Stefan Lazarević, but never returned to Zeta. In 1421, before his death and under the influence of his mother, he passed the rule of Zeta to his uncle, Despot Stefan Lazarević.
Marriage and issue
editIn 1407, Balša III married Mara Thopia, a daughter of Niketa Thopia. They had a daughter, Jelena Balšić (1411-1453), named after Balša's mother. In his second marriage, Balša III married Boglia Zaharia, a daughter of Koja Zaharia, in 1412 or at the beginning of 1413.[3] They had a son (died in 1415) and a daughter, Theodora (died after 1456)
In 1424 Jelena Balšić married Stjepan Vukčić Kosača and was mother of Queen Catherine of Bosnia and Vladislav Hercegović. In 1415, Balša's only son and the only male descendant of the still Christian branch of the Balšić family died. Theodora married Petar Vojsalić, voivode of Bosnia.[4]
Annotations
edit- Name: His full name has been written as Balša Stracimirović (Serbian Cyrillic: Балша Страцимировић; last name is sometimes Balšić or Đurđević)
References
edit- ^ Ćirković 2004, p. 92.
- ^ Pavle S. Radusinović (1978). Stanovništvo Crne Gore do 1945. godine: opšta istorijsko-geografska i demografska razmatranja. Srpska akademija nauka i umetnosti. p. 42. Retrieved 13 June 2013.
манастир Прасквица (св. Николе, коју је подигао 1413. године Балша III)
- ^ Albanološki institut u Prištini 1968 p. 125: "Poznato je takođe da se Balša III krajem 1412 ili početkom 1413 godine oženio u drugom braku ćerkom Koe Zaharije"
- ^ Spremić 2004, pp. 73–108
ускоро је дочекао велику несрећу: 1415. умро му је син јединац. Тако је Јелена сахранила унука, а династија Балшића остала је без мушког наследника)
Sources
edit- Albanološki institut u Prištini (1968), Gjurmime albanologjike, Volumes 7-8 (in Serbian), Priština: Filozofski fakultet u Prištini. Katedra za albanologiju, p. 125, retrieved 23 January 2012
- Ćirković, Sima (2004). The Serbs. Malden: Blackwell Publishing. ISBN 9781405142915.
- Spremić, Momčilo (2004), Jovan Ćulibrk (ed.), Crkvene prilike u Zeti u doba Nikona Jerusalimca (in Serbian), Cetinje, Belgrade: Svetigora, Publikum, pp. 73–108, archived from the original on 2013-12-11