Wikipedia

Atheist Bus Campaign

The Atheist Bus Campaign was an advertising campaign in 2008 and 2009 that aimed to place "peaceful and upbeat" messages about atheism on transport media in Britain, in response to evangelical Christian advertising.[1]

A London bus carrying the Atheist Bus Campaign advert

It was created by comedy writer Ariane Sherine and launched on 21 October 2008, with official support from the British Humanist Association and Richard Dawkins.[2] The campaign's original goal was to raise £5,500 to run 30 buses across London for four weeks early in 2009 with the slogan: "There's probably no God. Now stop worrying and enjoy your life."

Richard Dawkins, author of The God Delusion, agreed to match all donations up to a maximum of £5,500, providing a total of £11,000 if the full amount were to be raised. The campaign reached that target by 10:06 am on 21 October and had raised £100,000 by the evening of 24 October. The campaign closed on 11 April 2009, having raised a total of £153,523.51.[3]

The first buses started running on 6 January 2009 – 800 ran around the UK and it was also planned to place 1,000 adverts on the London Underground featuring quotations from famous atheists. There were also two large LCD screens placed on Oxford Street, central London.[4] The campaign received a number of complaints, but was cleared of any unethical advertising by the ASA.[5]

Initial proposal

edit

Sherine first proposed the campaign in June 2008 in a guardian.co.uk Comment is Free blog post,[6] Atheists – gimme five in the Guardian. She expressed her frustration that the Christian organisation JesusSaid.org was allowed to use bus advertising to promote the web address of a website that said that all non-Christians would burn in hell for all eternity. Sherine called on atheists to counter this kind of evangelical advertising by donating five pounds towards a positive philosophical advert. Her idea was taken up by political blogger Jon Worth,[7] who went on to set up a PledgeBank page. The PledgeBank page closed on 31 July 2008, having received 877 of the 4,679 pledges necessary for the original target of £23,400.[8] This event attracted some limited comment in the mainstream media[9][10] early in August. Sherine then wrote a follow-up Comment is free article, Dawkin 'bout a Revolution, detailing events since the original piece.[11] In response, the British Humanist Association offered to lend the campaign its official support and undertook to administer all donations. Sherine then asked Richard Dawkins for a quote for the campaign, at which point he offered to match the first £5,500 raised.

History of the campaign

edit
 
Ariane Sherine and Richard Dawkins at the campaign launch

The Atheist Bus Campaign's donation phase launched on Tuesday 21 October 2008 with another article by Sherine, All aboard the atheist bus campaign, on Comment is free.[12] To the surprise of the organisers the fundraising target was broken within hours of the launch, raising almost £48,000 by the end of day one.[13]

After four days the campaign had raised more than £100,000. There have been donations to the Justgiving page every day since the campaign's launch, and by 9 January 2009 the total had surpassed £140,000. The BHA has reported a flood of interest in its activities and the Atheist Bus Campaign Facebook group has been growing rapidly since the launch. Many atheists[who?] feel the campaign has given them a voice and represented them in a way they have long hoped for.[citation needed]

The story attracted widespread media attention around the world.[14] Writing in The Times, Joan Bakewell observed that "Not since Going to Work on an Egg has an advertising initiative made such an impact, and for so little cost."[15]

There has been some opposition to the adverts. By 21 January 2009 the ASA[16] had received 326 complaints about the bus adverts, including a complaint from Stephen Green of Christian Voice (UK) who said "It is given as a statement of fact and that means it must be capable of substantiation if it is not to break the rules."[17] Hanne Stinson of the BHA has suggested that if the ASA rule on this complaint, then the ASA will be ruling on whether God exists.[18] On 21 January the ASA ruled that the adverts were not in breach of its rules as the advert "was an expression of the advertiser's opinion" and was incapable of substantiation. They also claimed that although the advert was contrary to many people's beliefs, it would not generate "serious or widespread offence".[16][19] By the end of the year, the ASA had received 392 complaints about the adverts.[20]

The campaign has also received criticism from leading clergy including George Carey, the former Archbishop of Canterbury,[21] and Peter Price, the former Bishop of Bath and Wells, who said "the campaign lacked both judgement and a sense of reality."[22]

In Southampton, a bus driver refused to drive a bus displaying the advert. His employers, First Bus, undertook to find him another bus to drive.[23][24]

Canadian author, Margaret Atwood, has said of the campaign: "That's religion! Once you're paying money to put slogans on things, well it's either a product you're selling, a political party or religion".[25]

Notable donors

edit

Television critic Charlie Brooker was the fourth person to donate to the campaign, giving £100 with the comment "I hope to God this helps".[citation needed]The poet and musician Labi Siffre donated £1000 on 22 October 2008 with the verse, "As God knew / What Judas would do / In the final accounting / Who betrayed who?"[citation needed] Philosopher AC Grayling donated £500, while writer Zoe Margolis donated with the comment "About time the rational voices were heard too".[citation needed] Richard Dawkins donated the most of any celebrity with £5,500, but even his donation has been eclipsed by that of an unknown donor called Simon Bishop, who has given £20,000 to the campaign.[citation needed] The campaign is also supported by Matthew Parris.[citation needed] Additionally, Paul Woolley, the director of Christian think tank Theos, and a close associate of the Archbishop of Canterbury, has donated £50 as he thinks the campaign is a "great way to get people thinking about God. The posters will encourage people to consider the most important question we will ever face in our lives."[26] The Gay and Lesbian Humanist Association is a supporter of the Campaign.

"Probably"

edit
 
"There's probably no god. Now stop worrying and enjoy your life."

The wording of the proposed advert caused considerable debate among atheists and Christians alike and Sherine discussed it in a post-launch article, "Probably the best atheist bus campaign ever", on the Guardian's "Comment Is Free" section.[27] Dawkins stated that he preferred the wording "There is almost certainly no God".[28] Ariane Sherine claims it is necessary to be factually accurate,[27] and that as it is impossible to disprove the existence of God it is only possible to say one 'probably' does not exist. Critic D. J. Taylor felt that this qualification let the campaign down, but admired it for introducing some tentativeness into an often polarised debate,[29] while atheists including A. C. Grayling[30] think that they can be certain there is no God and therefore the word 'probably' should not be used. It was also suggested that inserting the word would avoid a breach of the Advertising Standards Authority's rules.[15]

Don't Label Me campaign

edit

The final phase of the campaign challenged the idea that children should be labelled with their parents' religion. In November 2009, an ad appeared on billboards, not buses, in London, Edinburgh, Cardiff and Belfast, displaying a young girl's picture with the caption "Please don't label me" followed by "Let me grow up and choose for myself". The background displays phrases ascribing various labels to the child—"Libertarian child", "Catholic child", "Sikh child", "Capitalist child", "Atheist child", "Protestant child", and so forth.[31]

On 21 November 2009 it was reported in The Times and the Daily Telegraph that the children featured in the 'Don't Label Me' campaign were from an Evangelical Christian family. The British Humanist Association stated that the photographs had been sourced from a photographic agency website, and that it was unaware of the religious background of the models.[32][33]

Follow up works

edit

In addition, Atheist Bus Campaign donors have raised over £23,000 for the British Humanist Association's Inclusive Schools campaign.[34]

Following publicity from the campaign, the BBC has agreed to allow a special version of Thought for the Day. It will be presented as Thought for the Afternoon, and will be the first programme of the series not presented by a figure from an established faith.[35]

Partly in response to the campaign three different Christian groups have launched advertising campaigns. Slogans include, "There definitely is a God; so join the Christian Party and enjoy your life."; "The fool hath said in his heart, There is no God.", a quote from Psalm 14; and "There IS a God, BELIEVE. Don't worry and enjoy your life."[36] The Christian Party's adverts were the most-complained about of 2009, with the ASA receiving 1,204 complaints regarding them.[20]

When Richard Dawkins turned down a debate with Christian apologist William Lane Craig in 2011, adverts were placed in Oxford with a parody slogan "There's probably no Dawkins. Now stop worrying and enjoy Oct 25th at the Sheldonian Theatre."[37]

Bus adverts in other countries

edit

United States

edit

Influenced by the Atheist Bus Campaign, the American Humanist Association launched a bus campaign in Washington, D.C., in November 2008 with the slogan "Why believe in a God? Just be good for goodness' sake."[38] The Freedom From Religion Foundation had also launched a bus campaign in the United States, featuring buses with various quotations appearing during February and March 2009.[39]

In February, a campaign formed in Bloomington, Indiana, in the United States, to run ads saying "You Can Be Good Without God" in various cities in the state of Indiana.

Significant attention and media coverage has been devoted to atheist roadside billboard campaigns, funded by various groups at the local level between 2008 and 2010.

Canada

edit

In February 2009, a nationwide campaign was launched by the Freethought Association of Canada with Justin Trottier and Chris Hammond serving as spokespersons.[40] The Toronto Transit Commission in Canada approved the advertisements on the commission's buses, trams, and metro and rapid transit trains, with the same message as the British adverts, and debuted in mid-February.[41][42][43]

Following a request by the Association humaniste du Québec, the Société des transports de Montréal, Canada, accepted the proposed message "Dieu n'existe probablement pas, alors cessez de vous inquiéter et profitez de la vie", a translation of the original UK advert, and ten bus took to the road during March 2009.[44] Secular Humanists and Free Thinkers in Halifax, Nova Scotia, and London have had their adverts refused. In Canada's capital city, Ottawa, the ads were initially refused, but the decision was ultimately overturned by Ottawa City Council and the ads will be permitted. In British Columbia, Vancouver, Victoria and Kelowna adverts were barred on the ground that no religious advertisement is allowed on buses.

The ads also ran in Calgary and eventually Halifax and Ottawa.[45] The ads were initially rejected in both Halifax and Ottawa, but court cases overturned the bans.[46][47]

In 2010, CFI Canada announced plans to put ads on Canadian buses with the phrase "Extraordinary Claims require Extraordinary Evidence".[48] Below that phrase it lists Allah, bigfoot, UFOs, homeopathy, Zeus, Psychics and Christ. As of 2014, the bus campaign has not gone into action and it is unclear if it was cancelled.

In 2014, a series of ads were designed and planned to be placed on buses in Winnipeg, Manitoba. The campaign was intended to coincide with the launch of the Canadian Museum of Human Rights and featured opposition to the public funding of religious school boards in Ontario. The ads highlighted public funding of religious schools as a human rights violation. The ads were blocked by Pattison Outdoor Advertising who cited the Canadian Advertising Foundation's Code of Standards. The advertising campaign was privately funded by Dr. Richard Thain, a dentist and humanist from Eastern Ontario. Thain launched a law-suit against the City of Winnipeg and Pattison Outdoor Advertising in 2017 with a claim that his charter right to freedom of expression had been denied by the refusal to carry the ads. The parties in the suit are expected to have an examination for discovery early in 2020. Several of the ads were carried in a modified form on bus shelters in the City of Winnipeg.[49][50][51]

Brazil

edit

On 11 December 2010 the Brazilian Association of Atheists and Agnostics (ATEA) attempted to run a bus campaign with the slogan "Ateísmo – celebre a razão" ("Atheism – Celebrate reason"), but were prevented from doing so on buses in Salvador, Bahia and Porto Alegre. The agency responsible for bus ads in Salvador informed that they would not sign the ad contract for fear of lawsuits, while in Porto Alegre, the passengers' association barred the campaign as the city ordinance prevents that bus ads bear messages related to religion. Instead, billboards were placed outdoors. The messages were "Religião não define caráter" ("Religion does not define character") and "Se deus existe, tudo é permitido" ("If God exists, everything is permitted").[52]

Australia

edit

The Atheist Foundation of Australia also attempted to run a bus campaign with the slogan "Atheism – celebrate reason", but were prevented from doing so by advertising company APN Outdoor, Australia's largest outdoor advertiser, which refused to run the adverts.[53]

In the state of Tasmania the government-owned bus company, Metro Tasmania, also rejected the ads, citing their precedent of blocking any controversial material.[54] However, after conciliation before the office of the Anti-Discrimination Commissioner the ads were scheduled to appear in 2010.[55]

New Zealand

edit

In New Zealand, fund-raising was started in December 2009 for the NZ Atheist Bus Campaign, administered by the Humanist Society of New Zealand.[56] In just a couple of days, the original target of NZ$ 10000 was reached. A new doubled target of NZ$20,000 was reached in under a week.[57] The organisers said this will provide signs for 12 buses in Auckland, eight in Wellington and four in Christchurch.[58] However the advertisements were later rejected by several bus companies, notably NZ Bus, leading the organisers to bring a claim of discrimination to the Human Rights Review Tribunal.[59] The organisers later ran a billboard campaign in the three cities with some of the money raised for the bus campaign using three different slogans combined with the slogan used in the original United Kingdom campaign.[60][61]

Finland

edit

In Finland a similar campaign was announced on 16 March 2009 to run on buses in Finland in three of the country's largest cities, Helsinki, Tampere and Turku.[62] The campaign was run by Vapaa-ajattelijain liitto. In Helsinki, the text said "Jumalaa tuskin on olemassa. Lopeta siis murehtiminen ja nauti elämästä", a direct translation of the English campaign. In Tampere and Turku the text was changed to "Iloitse elämästäsi kuin se olisi ainoasi, koska se on" ("Enjoy your life as if it was your only one, because it is") due to opposition of local transportation providers.[63]

Germany

edit
 
The bus in Berlin.

The German Atheist Bus Campaign had problems finding a bus company that would run their ads and the official website states that they were rejected by 17 companies from all over Germany. Instead they decided to drive the bus themselves on a tour that covered 20 major German cities. On each stop the bus took people from the city on a sightseeing roundtrip with an emphasis on what they saw as scientific and religious historical developments in respect to secularisation and atheism. This decision was met with mixed reactions from the supporters of the campaign who had originally hoped for a conventional advertising campaign, which had succeeded in other countries.[64]

Among the general populace, the Atheist Bus Campaign was not well received, with some passerby viewing it as being reminiscent of the era of state atheism during the German Democratic Republic.[65]

Campus Crusade for Christ decided to accompany the atheist bus tour with their own bus, bearing the slogan "Knowing God" ("Gott kennen").[65] Events arranged at the bus stops drew support from local Christian churches.[65] This was praised by the Evangelical Church in Germany.[65]

Austria

edit

In Austria the Atheist Bus Campaign (Atheistische Buskampagne) was launched in July 2009 and had a follow-up campaign in the fall of 2010. Like in Germany advertising on buses for religious (but also political) purposes was not allowed by the bus services that are usually operated by the cities and not private companies. The first leg of the campaign was running three slogans: "There is probably no god.", "Es gibt keinen Gott" and "Gott ist ein tschechischer Schlagersänger." The third is a humorous reference to the Czech singer Karel Gott.

Ireland

edit

The Humanist Association of Ireland ran a series of advertisements on Dublin commuter trains which they called the Unbelievable Campaign. The campaign was to highlight that judges and the president have to take a religious oath, which effectively stops 250,000 people from taking these posts.[66][67]

Italy

edit
 
The original bus advert of the Italian campaign

An atheist bus campaign promoted by the Italian Union of Rationalist Atheists and Agnostics (UAAR) was due to start on 4 February 2009 in Genoa.[68] The city was chosen on the occasion of the nomination of its archbishop, Cardinal Angelo Bagnasco, as president of the Italian Episcopal Conference (CEI). The slogan of the Italian campaign reads "La cattiva notizia è che Dio non esiste. Quella buona è che non ne hai bisogno", meaning "The bad news is that God does not exist. The good news is that you do not need him".[69]

On 16 January 2009 IGPDecaux, the company holding licenses for ads on public transport in Genoa, refused to give authorization to the atheist bus campaign on the grounds that it may "offend the moral, civic and religious convictions of the public".[70] Antonio Catricalà, the then head of the Italian National Authority for Fair Trading and Competition, announced that the Authority filed a case against the Atheist Bus initiative because of the potentially "dangerous and mendacious nature" of the ads.[71] As a reaction, the UAAR launched a new campaign in Genoa with a different slogan to comply with the advertising authority's rules: "The good news is there are millions of atheists in Italy. The excellent news is they believe in freedom of expression".[72][73]

Netherlands

edit

On 12 January 2009, Dutch philosopher, atheist activist and director of the Center for Inquiry Low Countries, Floris van den Berg, announced the intention to launch a similar campaign in the Netherlands. Kees van der Staaij of the conservative Protestant Reformed Political Party (SGP) asked parliamentary questions about the matter to Secretary of State of Transport Tineke Huizinga,[74] and discussed the topic with Van den Berg on 28 January in Nova.[75] However, the bus campaign was abandoned, because the major bus companies Connexxion, Arriva and Veolia do not allow messages of a political or religious nature.[75][76]

On 11 March 2009, Van den Berg was interviewed by the NOS when he took a new initiative to place a billboard along the A4 motorway near Schiphol, that for the first time in the Netherlands promoted an atheist message: "There is probably no god. Dare to think for yourself and enjoy this life!"[77]

Spain

edit

In Spain an advertising campaign has been launched with the slogan "Probablemente Dios no existe. Deja de preocuparte y goza de la vida", a direct translation of the British advert, on buses in Barcelona which started on 12 January. Madrid and Valencia will follow up at the end of January. This campaign has received criticism from Catholics.[78]

Sweden

edit

In Sweden, the Swedish Humanist Association ran ads in the Stockholm Metro during the summer of 2009 with the slogan "Gud finns nog inte", meaning "God probably does not exist" that were influenced by the British ads.[79]

Russia

edit

In Russia in September 2010 activists of "Общественное объединение по продвижению секуляризма в России"[80] decided to make the same campaign in Moscow. It proposed the slogan "По всей видимости Бога нет" (It seems that there's no God). But clericals in the authorities prohibited it.[81] After the activists were trying to get success via change the Campaign slogan on quotation from art.14 of Constitution of Russia "Russian Federation is a secular state", but clerical lobby prohibited this quotation also. Atheists were refused by Advertising Committee of Moscow,[82] large advertising company News Outdoor (division of News Corporation of Rupert Murdoch)[83] and small advertising agencies, city bus operator Mosgortrans, etc.".[84] Now activists are collecting donations for "Atheistmobile" to ride in Moscow with Campaign slogan.[85]

Switzerland

edit

The Swiss Freethinkers' Association planned to put the statement "Wahrscheinlich gibt es keinen Gott. Kein Grund zur Sorge, geniess das Leben!" onto one public bus in ten cities of Switzerland. The campaign is a reaction to billboards with Bible quotes such as "I believe that Jesus Christ is God's son" or "Jesus is the light of life".[86] The stated goal of the campaign was to give people a voice who feel harried by missionary messages.[87]

Unknown parties have threatened the Luzern public transport operator VBL to set their buses on fire if they carry such messages;[86] VBL employees were also verbally harassed.[88] The Freethinkers' Association received hate email from radical Christians.[88] The political party Evangelische Volkspartei was thinking about creating a counter-campaign.[87]

In Bern, the metropolitan public transport operator SVB refused to carry the campaign, saying that they "do not want to take part in this provocation". Zürich and Geneva showed similar reactions: The cities did not want to risk offending religious feelings.[89]

References

edit
  1. ^ Sherine, Ariane; Heather, Ron (17 January 2009). "I Can't Think Up Yet Another Bus Pun Headline ..." Atheist Campaign. Archived from the original on 24 January 2009. Retrieved 19 January 2009.
  2. ^ "The Bus Campaign". British Humanist Association. Archived from the original on 20 February 2012. Retrieved 19 January 2009.
  3. ^ "Atheist Bus Campaign". Justgiving. Archived from the original on 3 April 2009. Retrieved 12 April 2009.
  4. ^ Beckford, Martin (8 January 2009). "Atheist buses denying God's existence take to streets". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 21 January 2009. Retrieved 19 January 2009.
  5. ^ "Watchdogs reject complaints over atheist bus ads". The Daily Record. 22 January 2009.
  6. ^ Sherine, Ariane (20 June 2008). "Atheists – gimme five". Comment is free. The Guardian. Archived from the original on 17 January 2009. Retrieved 19 January 2009.
  7. ^ Worth, Jon (20 June 2008). "In your face atheism?". Retrieved 19 January 2009.
  8. ^ PledgeBank Atheist Bus Archived 13 October 2008 at the Wayback Machine, PledgeBank Atheist Bus
  9. ^ Parris, Matthew (31 July 2008). "Humanised". The Times. London. Archived from the original on 6 September 2008. Retrieved 19 January 2009.
  10. ^ Moore, Matthew (1 August 2008). "Atheists fail to cough up for London bus ad". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 23 January 2009. Retrieved 19 January 2009.
  11. ^ Sherine, Ariane (6 August 2008). "Dawkin 'bout a revolution". Comment is free. The Guardian. Archived from the original on 25 January 2009. Retrieved 19 January 2009.
  12. ^ Sherine, Ariane (21 October 2008). "All aboard the atheist bus campaign". Comment is free. The Guardian. Archived from the original on 20 January 2009. Retrieved 19 January 2009.
  13. ^ Butt, Riazat (22 October 2008). "Arriving soon: atheist bus campaign gets off to a flying start". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 6 January 2009. Retrieved 19 January 2009.
  14. ^ "News Round-Up 2". Atheist Campaign. 22 October 2008. Archived from the original on 25 July 2011. Retrieved 19 January 2009.
  15. ^ a b Bakewell, Joan (24 October 2008). "No-God squad climb aboard the atheist bus". The Times. London. Archived from the original on 5 August 2011. Retrieved 19 January 2009.
  16. ^ a b "Atheist bus ad campaign is not in breach of the Advertising Code". ASA. 21 January 2009. Archived from the original on 18 March 2009. Retrieved 21 January 2009.
  17. ^ Sweeney, Mark (9 January 2009). "Atheist Bus Campaign is 'offensive', say complaints to ASA". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 21 January 2009. Retrieved 19 January 2009.
  18. ^ Beckford, Martin (9 January 2009). "Atheist bus adverts could lead to watchdog ruling on God's existence". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 21 January 2009. Retrieved 19 January 2009.
  19. ^ "Atheist ads 'not breaking code'". BBC. 21 January 2009. Archived from the original on 24 January 2009. Retrieved 21 January 2009.
  20. ^ a b Schott, Ben (2010). "Chapter IV. Media & Celebrity". In Schott, Ben (ed.). Schott's Almanac 2011 (1st ed.). London: Bloomsbury. p. 134. ISBN 978-0-7475-9951-7. OCLC 649802194. Retrieved 13 April 2012.
  21. ^ Beckford, Martin (12 January 2009). "Former Archbishop of Canterbury: atheists use 9/11 as excuse to attack all religions". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 4 June 2010. Retrieved 19 January 2009.
  22. ^ "Bishop criticises atheist bus ads". Bath Chronicle. 12 January 2009. Retrieved 12 January 2009.
  23. ^ "Man refuses to drive 'No God' bus". BBC News. 16 January 2009. Archived from the original on 18 January 2009. Retrieved 19 January 2009.
  24. ^ Walker, Peter (16 January 2009). "Christian refuses to drive bus with atheist advertisement". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 19 January 2009. Retrieved 19 January 2009.
  25. ^ McKay, Sinclair (2009-08-20) Margaret Atwood interview The Daily Telegraph
  26. ^ "Religious think tank welcomes launch of atheist buses". Theos. Archived from the original on 22 January 2009. Retrieved 17 February 2009.
  27. ^ a b Sherine, Ariane (23 October 2008). "'Probably' the best atheist bus campaign ever". Comment is free. The Guardian. Archived from the original on 21 January 2009. Retrieved 19 January 2009.
  28. ^ Aitkenhead, Decca (25 October 2008). "'People say I'm strident'". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 7 January 2009. Retrieved 19 January 2009.
  29. ^ Taylor, D. J. (26 October 2008). "D J Taylor: Beyond belief". The Independent. Archived from the original on 19 January 2009. Retrieved 19 January 2009.
  30. ^ Grayling, Anthony (7 January 2009). "Probably a ridiculous caveat". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 22 January 2009. Retrieved 21 January 2009.
  31. ^ Sherine, Ariane (18 November 2009). "Hey, preacher – leave those kids alone". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 26 November 2009. Retrieved 26 November 2009.
  32. ^ Henderson, Mark. "Muslims unite to condemn 'evil' child grooming". The Times. Archived from the original on 17 July 2011. Retrieved 29 June 2013.
  33. ^ Moore, Matthew (21 November 2009). "Children on atheist billboards 'are actually Evangelical Christians'". The Daily Telegraph.
  34. ^ "Campaign against faith schools". Justgiving. Archived from the original on 7 February 2009. Retrieved 26 January 2009.
  35. ^ Beckford, Martin (10 January 2009). "Atheist bus leads to first non-religious version of Thought for the Day on BBC". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 21 January 2009. Retrieved 25 January 2009.
  36. ^ "Pro-God buses for London streets". BBC. 6 February 2009. Archived from the original on 9 February 2009. Retrieved 6 February 2009.
  37. ^ "Christians' bus challenge to atheist". Oxford Mail. 8 October 2011.
  38. ^ "'Why Believe in a God?' Ad Campaign Launches on D.C. Buses". Fox News. 12 November 2008. Archived from the original on 8 February 2009. Retrieved 19 January 2009.
  39. ^ "libsyn.com". Retrieved 20 August 2012.
  40. ^ "Atheist Bus Canada FAQ". Canadian Atheist Bus Campaign Official Website. Archived from the original on 8 August 2012. Retrieved 27 December 2012.
  41. ^ "We have approval!". Canadian Atheist Bus Campaign. 28 January 2009. Archived from the original on 1 February 2009. Retrieved 30 January 2009.
  42. ^ Munro, Steve (29 January 2009). "Divine Intervention May, Or May Not, Affect Service". Archived from the original on 5 February 2009. Retrieved 30 January 2009.
  43. ^ "'No God' Ads, Soon To Appear On TTC Vehicles, Spark Heated Debate - CityNews". Citytv.com. 29 January 2009. Archived from the original on 2 October 2012. Retrieved 20 August 2012.
  44. ^ "Une publicité athée suscite la controverse". 3 March 2009.
  45. ^ "cbc.ca". cbc.ca. 27 January 2009. Retrieved 20 August 2012.
  46. ^ Angelina Chapin (3 February 2009). "xtra.ca". xtra.ca. Archived from the original on 28 September 2012. Retrieved 20 August 2012.
  47. ^ "atheistbus.ca". atheistbus.ca. 10 July 2009. Archived from the original on 31 July 2012. Retrieved 20 August 2012.
  48. ^ "Skeptics plan to bring controversial atheist ads to Calgary buses". Globaltvcalgary.com. 2 December 2010. Retrieved 17 January 2011.
  49. ^ "Anti-separate school ad campaign rejected". Ottawa Citizen.
  50. ^ Rollason, Kevin (5 December 2014). "Dec 2014: Ottawa man posts ads in local bus shelters". Winnipeg Free Press – via www.winnipegfreepress.com.
  51. ^ "Humanist Perspectives: issue 191: The Courage to Continue". www.humanistperspectives.org. Archived from the original on 18 March 2015.
  52. ^ "Primeira campanha ateísta do Brasil é lançada em Porto Alegre" (in Portuguese). Sul 21. 5 July 2011. Archived from the original on 1 October 2011. Retrieved 30 September 2011.
  53. ^ "Atheists snubbed in ad knock-back". ABC News (Australia). 26 November 2008. Archived from the original on 3 December 2008. Retrieved 7 January 2009.
  54. ^ Beckford, Martin (7 January 2009). "Atheist bus: 'Sleep in on Sunday morning' adverts banned". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 16 January 2009. Retrieved 7 January 2009.
  55. ^ Atheist signs to go on Tasmanian buses! Archived 22 September 2010 at the Wayback Machine, 5 August 2009
  56. ^ "NZ Atheist Bus Campaign Seeks Donations". Archived from the original on 17 December 2009. Retrieved 11 December 2009.
  57. ^ "Press Release: NZ Atheist Bus Campaign reaches fund raising target in under a week". Archived from the original on 15 March 2010. Retrieved 16 December 2009.
  58. ^ "Atheist bus ad campaign hits a nerve". Retrieved 12 December 2009.
  59. ^ "The Dominion Post – Wellington and North Island ..." Stuff.co.nz. 23 February 2010. Retrieved 16 October 2010.
  60. ^ "NZ Atheists Swap Buses for Billboards | NZ Atheist Bus Campaign". Nogod.org.nz. 1 July 2010. Archived from the original on 8 July 2010. Retrieved 16 October 2010.
  61. ^ simon. "The new billboards! | NZ Atheist Bus Campaign". Nogod.org.nz. Archived from the original on 15 July 2010. Retrieved 16 October 2010.
  62. ^ "Atheist Bus Campaign Coming to Finland". YLE. 16 March 2009. Archived from the original on 22 March 2009. Retrieved 17 March 2009.
  63. ^ "Ateistien bussikampanja herättää närää". YLE. 16 March 2009. Retrieved 17 March 2009.
  64. ^ "Reactions to the decision made by the German Atheist Bus Campaign team". Archived from the original on 5 May 2009. Retrieved 24 May 2009.
  65. ^ a b c d Tomlins, Steven; Bullivant, Spencer (10 November 2016). The Atheist Bus Campaign: Global Manifestations and Responses. Brill Academic Press. p. 165. ISBN 978-90-04-32853-2. Frerk reports also that many common people reacted with outrage and indignation to the bus's message. In East German Dresden, for example, a man reportedly exclaimed: "Something like this has not even happened in the GDR! It must be discarded... this filth!" (Frerk 2009, p. 38). For many the bus constituted a provocation and people questioned its legality. In one instance, the campaign's flyers and stickers were ripped apart and thrown across the table. ... This passerby refers to the era of the communist German Democratic Republic (GDR), which was characterized by state atheism.
  66. ^ "Humanism Ireland page on Unbelievable campaign". Humanism.ie. Archived from the original on 21 July 2011. Retrieved 16 October 2010.
  67. ^ McGarry, Patsy (4 April 2009). "Humanists launch campaign against judicial religious oaths". The Irish Times. The Irish Times Limited. Retrieved 21 September 2009.
  68. ^ Owen, Richard (14 January 2009). "Atheist bus poster campaign moves to Genoa". The Times. London. Retrieved 19 January 2009.[dead link‍]
  69. ^ "Campagna bus". UAAR. January 2009. Retrieved 12 January 2009.
  70. ^ "Genova, stop ai bus con la pubblicità "Dio non esiste"". Reuters Italia. 16 January 2009. Archived from the original on 18 January 2009. Retrieved 17 January 2009.
  71. ^ "Indagine sui bus atei: "Pubblicità pericolosa"". Il Giornale. 16 January 2009. Retrieved 17 January 2009.
  72. ^ "Genova, gli ateobus UAAR 'tornano' in circolazione". UAAR. 29 January 2009. Archived from the original on 3 February 2009. Retrieved 31 January 2009.
  73. ^ "Toned-down atheist bus ad OK'd". ANSA. 29 January 2009. Archived from the original on 1 February 2009. Retrieved 31 January 2009. Alt URL
  74. ^ "SGP: Bus is geen reclamezuil" (in Dutch). SGP. 27 January 2009. Archived from the original on 19 August 2014. Retrieved 28 May 2014.
  75. ^ a b Nova (28 January 2009). "SGP tegen atheïstische reclame (10:19)" (in Dutch). Uitzending Gemist. Retrieved 28 May 2014.
  76. ^ "Omstreden tekst niet op Brabantse bussen" (in Dutch). Omroep Brabant. 11 March 2009. Retrieved 28 May 2014.
  77. ^ "NOS Headlines - God bestaat niet?" (in Dutch). NOS Headlines. 11 March 2009. Retrieved 28 May 2014.
  78. ^ Tremlett, Giles (7 January 2009). "Atheist bus ad campaign provokes bitterness in Barcelona". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 17 January 2009. Retrieved 19 January 2009.
  79. ^ "Humanisterna: Han finns nog inte". Retrieved 29 June 2013.
  80. ^ "Общественное объединение по продвижению секуляризма в России". Atheistcampaign.ru. Retrieved 7 March 2011.
  81. ^ "Атеистам запрещают антирекламировать Бога". Metronews.ru. 27 October 2010. Archived from the original on 31 October 2010. Retrieved 7 March 2011.
  82. ^ "Чиновники-клерикалы против Конституции РФ". Zdravomyslie.ru. Archived from the original on 14 January 2011. Retrieved 7 March 2011.
  83. ^ "Three questions to Rupert Murdoch, or why they are afraid of the Constitution". Zdravomyslie.ru. Archived from the original on 13 January 2011. Retrieved 7 March 2011.
  84. ^ "Размещение билбордов в январе". Atheistcampaign.ru. Retrieved 7 March 2011.
  85. ^ "Атеистмобиль". Atheistcampaign.ru. Retrieved 7 March 2011.
  86. ^ a b "Anti-Gott-Kampagne auf Bussen – jetzt auch in der Schweiz". Retrieved 25 May 2009.
  87. ^ a b "Atheisten-Plakate: Bald auch in der Schweiz". 15 February 2009. Retrieved 25 May 2009.
  88. ^ a b Christen senden Hassbotschaften. Archived 11 June 2009 at the Wayback Machine Article in 20 Minuten of 18 February 2009.
  89. ^ "Verkehrsbetriebe wollen keine Atheismus-Plakate". 16 February 2009. Retrieved 20 May 2009.
edit
 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Atheist Bus Campaign.
Retrieved from "https://en.wiki.x.io/w/index.php?title=Atheist_Bus_Campaign&oldid=1247935754"