Arabic Braille (Arabic: بِرَيْل الْعَرَبِيَّة, birayl alʿarabīyah) is the braille alphabet for the [1] Other Arabic-based alphabets have braille systems similar to Arabic Braille, such as Urdu and Persian Braille, but differ in some letter and diacritic assignments.[2]
| Arabic Braille ⠃⠗⠊⠇⠀⠷⠗⠃⠊⠡ | |
|---|---|
| Script type | abjad
ca. 1950 |
Print basis | Arabic alphabet |
| Languages | Arabic |
| Related scripts | |
Parent systems | Braille
|
Unlike the Arabic script, Arabic Braille is read from left to right, following the international convention. Numbers are also left to right, as in printed Arabic.
Arabic Braille chart
editArabic Braille includes numerous abbreviations, some marked by dot 4 or dot 5 (the comma), which are not described here. A conference in Saudi Arabia in 2002 set up a unified braille standard for Arabic, but as of 2013 not all countries had signed up; those not adopting the standard include some Arab countries but also non-Arab Muslim countries such as Iran, Malaysia, and Indonesia.
Letters
editAlthough short-vowel letters are not diacritics in Arabic Braille, they are optional and generally omitted, just as in print Arabic.
| ا | ب | ت | ث | ج | ح | خ | د | ذ | ر | |
| Braille |  |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
|
| Braille (Unicode) | ⠁ | ⠃ | ⠞ | ⠹ | ⠚ | ⠱ | ⠭ | ⠙ | ⠮ | ⠗ |
| ز | س | ش | ص | ض | ط | ظ | ع | غ | ف | |
| Braille |  |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
|
| Braille (Unicode) | ⠵ | ⠎ | ⠩ | ⠯ | ⠫ | ⠾ | ⠿ | ⠷ | ⠣ | ⠋ |
| ق | ك | ل | م | ن | ه | و | ي | ى | ة | |
| Braille |  |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
|
| Braille (Unicode) | ⠟ | ⠅ | ⠇ | ⠍ | ⠝ | ⠓ | ⠺ | ⠊ | ⠕ | ⠡ |
| ال | ﻻ | أ | إ | آ | أو | ؤ | ئ | ء | |
| Braille | 
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Braille (Unicode) | ⠉ | ⠧ | ⠌ | ⠨ | ⠜ | ⠪ | ⠳ | ⠽ | ⠄ |
| ــُ | ــَ | ــِ | ــٌ | ــً | ــٍ | ــْ | ــّ | |
| Braille |  |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
|
| Braille (Unicode) | ⠥ | ⠂ | ⠑ | ⠢ | ⠰ | ⠡ | ⠒ | ⠠ |
Shaddah ⟨ــّ⟩ comes before the consonant; sukun ⟨ــْ⟩ and the vowels after.
Punctuation and formatting
editThere are some differences in quotation marks, brackets, and underlining between traditional and unified Arabic braille conventions.
- Common punctuation
| ، | ؛ | : | . | ! | ؟ | - | |
| Braille |  |
 |
|
 |
 |
 |
|
| Braille (Unicode) | ⠐ | ⠰ | ⠐⠂ | ⠲ | ⠖ | ⠦ | ⠤ |
- Legacy punctuation
| “...” | (...) | * | abbre- viation |
under- lining | ||||||
| Braille | ... |
 ... |
|
 |
| |||||
| Braille (Unicode) | ⠦ ⠴ | ⠶ ⠶ | ⠔⠔ | ⠈ | ⠨ | |||||
- Unified Arabic punctuation
| “...” | (...) | [...] | {...} | underlining | |
| Braille | ... |
... |
... |
... |
|
| Braille (Unicode) | ⠶ ⠶ | ⠦ ⠴ | ⠠⠦ ⠴⠄ | ⠐⠦ ⠴⠂ | ⠠⠤ |
See also
edit
- Moon type is a simplification of the Latin alphabet for embossing. An adaptation for Arabic-reading blind people has been proposed.
External links
editReferences
edit- ^ "Archived copy". www.sagma.ma. Archived from the original on 5 June 2007. Retrieved 14 January 2022.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "World Braille Usage" (PDF). UNESCO. Retrieved 2012-04-27.