The Antioquia bristle tyrant (Pogonotriccus lanyoni) is a Vulnerable species of passerine bird in the family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. It is endemic to Colombia.[1][2]
| Antioquia bristle tyrant | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Tyrannidae |
| Genus: | Pogonotriccus |
| Species: | P. lanyoni
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| Binomial name | |
| Pogonotriccus lanyoni (Graves, 1988)
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| Synonyms | |
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Phylloscartes lanyoni | |
Taxonomy and systematics
editThe Antioquia bristle tyrant was originally described as Phylloscartes lanyoni.[3] Beginning in 2016 taxonomic systems resurrected Pogonotriccus for this species and a few others.[4][5][6]
The species' common name comes from Antioquia Department, where the type specimen was collected. Its specific epithet honors Wesley E. Lanyon "in recognition of his research on tyrannid species over the last three decades".[3]
Description
editThe Antioquia bristle tyrant is about 11 to 11.5 cm (4.3 to 4.5 in) long. The sexes have the same plumage. Adults have a gray crown with a greenish cast, grizzled gray and white lores, and an indistinct grayish eye-ring. Their ear coverts are yellow with pale gray tips. Their back and rump are bright olive green and their uppertail coverts bright olive yellow. Their tail is dark brownish gray. Their wings are dark brownish gray with bright olive green edges on the flight feathers. Their wing coverts are dark brownish gray with bright yellow tips that show as two wing bars. Their chin, throat, and underparts are bright yellow that is palest on the chin. Both sexes have a brown iris, a brownish black maxilla, a dusky tipped pale mandible, and dark brown legs and feet.[7][8]
Distribution and habitat
editThe Antioquia bristle tyrant primarily is found in the lower valleys of the Magdalena and Cauca rivers in central Antioquia, northern Caldas, western Boyacá, and northern Cundinamarca departments. It habitat is not well known but the species is believed to mostly occur in humid evergreen forest. In elevation it ranges between 350 and 800 m (1,100 and 2,600 ft).[7][8]
Behavior
editMovement
editThe Antioquia bristle tyrant is believed to be a year-round resident.[7]
Feeding
editThe Antioquia bristle tyrant's diet and foraging behavior have not been studied. It is known to feed on insects. It has been observed foraging in the forest's mid-story up into the canopy, making short upward sallies to snatch or hover-glean prey from vegetation and to capture it in mid-air. It is usually seen in pairs or small family groups and is known to join mixed-species feeding flocks.[7][8]
Breeding
editThe Antioquia bristle tyrant's nesting season appears to include March to June. Nothing else is known about the species' breeding biology.[7]
Vocalization
editThe Antioquia bristle tyrant's song is "a short stutter, introduced with a chip and ending with several wheezy notes".[7]
Status
editThe IUCN originally in 1994 assessed the Antioquia bristle tyrant as Endangered and since February 2004 as Vulnerable. It has a limited range and its estimated population of between 1000 and 2500 mature individuals is believed to be decreasing. "Livestock-farming, arable cultivation, logging, infrastructure development and gold mining have all played a part in the destruction of habitat in its range. Even though the species shows some tolerance of disturbance and is also found in mature secondary habitats, small-scale loss and degradation of forests throughout the range is accelerating and driving population declines."[1] The species is considered uncommon and local.[8] "Much of the lower Cauca and Magdalena Valleys were deforested as long ago as the 19th century, and habitat loss continues in this region."[7]
References
edit- ^ a b c BirdLife International (2024). "Antioquia Bristle-tyrant Pogonotriccus lanyoni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2024: e.T22699469A236248265. Retrieved 5 December 2024.
- ^ a b Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (August 2024). "Tyrant flycatchers". IOC World Bird List. v 14.2. Retrieved 19 August 2024.
- ^ a b Graves, Gary R. (1988). "Phylloscartes lanyoni, a new species of bristle-tyrant (Tyrannidae) from the lower Cauca Valley of Colombia" (PDF). The Wilson Bulletin. 100 (4): 529–534. Retrieved 5 December 2024.
- ^ BirdLife International (2016) Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digital checklist of the birds of the world. Version 9. Available at: http://datazone.birdlife.org/userfiles/file/Species/Taxonomy/BirdLife_Checklist_Version_90.zip [.xls zipped 1 MB].
- ^ Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, T. A. Fredericks, J. A. Gerbracht, D. Lepage, S. M. Billerman, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2022. The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2022. Downloaded from https://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
- ^ Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, G. Del-Rio, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 31 May 2023. A classification of the bird species of South America. American Ornithological Society. https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm retrieved 1 June 2023
- ^ a b c d e f g Schulenberg, T. S. and G. M. Kirwan (2022). Antioquia Bristle-Tyrant (Pogonotriccus lanyoni), version 1.1. In Birds of the World (N. D. Sly, Editor). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.anbtyr1.01.1 retrieved 5 December 2024
- ^ a b c d McMullan, Miles; Donegan, Thomas M.; Quevedo, Alonso (2010). Field Guide to the Birds of Colombia. Bogotá: Fundación ProAves. p. 152. ISBN 978-0-9827615-0-2.