Analog models of gravity are attempts to model various phenomena of general relativity (e.g., black holes or cosmological geometries) using other physical systems such as acoustics in a moving fluid, superfluid helium, or Bose–Einstein condensate; gravity waves in water; and propagation of electromagnetic waves in a dielectric medium.[1] These analogs (or analogies) serve to provide new ways of looking at problems, permit ideas from other realms of science to be applied, and may create opportunities for practical experiments within the analog that can be applied back to the source phenomena.
History
editAnalog models of gravity have been used in hundreds of published articles in the last decade.[2] The use of these analogs can be traced back to the very start of scientific theories for gravity, with Newton and Einstein.[citation needed]
Bose-Einstein condensates
editIt has been shown that Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC) are a good platform to study analog gravity.[3] Kerr (rotating) black holes have been implemented in a BEC of exciton-polaritons (a quantum fluid of light).[4]
Analog Gravity Models with Surface Gravity Waves
editSurface gravity waves have been recognized as a promising system for studying analog gravity models. Recent experiments have demonstrated that these waves can effectively simulate phase space horizons, drawing parallels to black hole physics. Specifically, the use of surface gravity water waves has enabled the observation of logarithmic phase singularities and the onset of Fermi-Dirac distributions, phenomena typically associated with quantum systems and gravitational theories.[5] This approach provides valuable insights into the analogies between classical wave systems and quantum mechanical behaviors, expanding the possibilities for exploring gravitational analogs in a controlled laboratory environment.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Barceló, Carlos; Liberati, Stefano; Visser, Matt (2011). "Analogue Gravity". Living Reviews in Relativity. 14 (3): 3. arXiv:gr-qc/0505065. Bibcode:2011LRR....14....3B. doi:10.12942/lrr-2011-3. PMC 5255896. PMID 28179830.
- ^ Visser, Matt; Barceló, Carlos; Liberati, Stefano (2002). "Analogue models of and for gravity" (PDF). General Relativity and Gravitation. 34 (10): 1719–1734. arXiv:gr-qc/0111111. Bibcode:2001gr.qc....11111V. doi:10.1023/A:1020180409214. S2CID 14342213.
- ^ Barceló, Carlos; Liberati, S; Visser, Matt (2001-03-14). "Analogue gravity from Bose-Einstein condensates". Classical and Quantum Gravity. 18 (6): 1137–1156. arXiv:gr-qc/0011026. Bibcode:2001CQGra..18.1137B. doi:10.1088/0264-9381/18/6/312. ISSN 0264-9381.
- ^ Solnyshkov, D. D.; Leblanc, C.; Koniakhin, S. V.; Bleu, O.; Malpuech, G. (2019-06-24). "Quantum analogue of a Kerr black hole and the Penrose effect in a Bose-Einstein condensate". Physical Review B. 99 (21): 214511. arXiv:1809.05386. Bibcode:2019PhRvB..99u4511S. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.99.214511. ISSN 2469-9950. S2CID 119077097.
- ^ Rozenman, Georgi Gary; Ullinger, Freyja; Zimmermann, Matthias; Efremov, Maxim A.; Shemer, Lev; Schleich, Wolfgang P.; Arie, Ady (2024-07-16). "Observation of a phase space horizon with surface gravity water waves". Communications Physics. 7 (1): 165. doi:10.1038/s42005-024-01616-7. ISSN 2399-3650.
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