Ehmedê Xanî (Kurdish: ئەحمەدێ خانی, romanized: Ehmedê Xanî), was a Kurdish intellectual, scholar, mystic and poet who is considered the founder of Kurdish nationalism. He was born in the Hakkâri region in 1650 and died in Bayazid in 1707.[1]
Ehmedê Xanî ئەحمەدێ خانی | |
|---|---|
 A bust of Ehmedê Xanî in Kurdistan Region | |
| Born | 1650 |
| Died | 1707 (Bayazid) |
| Occupation(s) | Intellectual, scholar, poet, writer |
| Years active | 17th century |
| Academic background | |
| Influences | Melayê Cizîrî, Ali Hariri, Feqiyê Teyran |
| Academic work | |
| Influenced | Abdurrahman Sharafkandi, Haji Qadir Koyi, Hemin Mukriyani |
The most important work of Xanî is Mem and Zin which is considered the national epic of Kurds. Other important works include Nûbiharan Biçûkan and Eqîdeya Îmanê. These works were studied in Kurdish schools from the time of Kani towards the 1930s.[1]
Xanî admired Melayê Cizîrî and Feqiyê Teyran.[2] Joyce Blau called him the spiritual son of Cizîrî, Teyran and Ali Hariri.[3]
Biography
editXanî was born in the village of Khan near Hakkari in 1650 and began writing poetry at the age of fourteen. He became a clerical secretary at the Bayediz court at the age of twenty.[4]
Nationalism
editXanî is considered the founder of Kurdish nationalism and supported an independent Kurdistan.[5] In a mathnawi from 1694, he chose not to devote parts of the introduction to praise the rulers of his time, which was typical in classical Oriental literature. Instead, the preface of the mathnawi was dedicated to his opinions on Kurdish nationalism. He explained the subjugation of Kurds by the Ottomans and the Safavids, and their occupation of Kurdistan which he argued had become a reality because of the lack of a Kurdish monarch who could rule Kurdistan. Such a ruler could liberate Kurds from the 'vile'.[1] He also believed that an independent Kurdistan could safeguard the Kurdish language for scientific and intellectual purposes.[5]
In the epic Mem and Zin, he wrote:[5][6]
If we had unity amongst ourselves,
If we all, together, obeyed one another,
The Turks, the Arabs and the Persians,
Would one and all be in our servitude.
We would complete our religion and state
We would receive knowledge and wisdom
Works
edit- Mem û Zîn (Mem and Zin)
- Eqîdeya Îmanê (The Path of Faith)
- Eqîdeya Îslamê (Basics of Islam)
- Nûbihara Biçûkan (The Spring of Children)
- Erdê Xweda (Astronomy and Geography book)
- Dîwana Helbestan
References
edit- ^ a b c Shakely, F. (2002). "AḤMAD-E ḴĀNI". Encyclopedia Iranica.
- ^ Ahmadzadeh, Hashem (2018). Gunter, Michael M. (ed.). Classical and modern Kurdish literature. Routledge. p. 92. ISBN 9781317237983.
- ^ Blau, Joyce (1995). Malmîsanij (ed.). "Jiyan û berhemên Ehmedê Xanî (1650-1707)". Çira (in Kurdish): 7.
- ^ Korangy, Alireza (2020). Kurdish Art and Identity: Verbal Art, Self-definition and Recent History. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. p. 41. ISBN 9783110599626.
- ^ a b c Olson, Robert. "Kurds". The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World. Archived from the original on 27 October 2020. Retrieved 30 April 2021.
- ^ Kurds and Yezidis in the Middle East: Shifting Identities, Borders, and the Experience of Minority Communities, 2021, pp. 37
External links
edit
- Works by Ehmedê Xanî at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks)
- Ahmad Khani, Kurdish Academy of Language KAL
- Our Trouble by Ehmedê Xanî, Noahs Ark Holidays
