2 Chronicles 19 is the nineteenth chapter of the Second Book of Chronicles the Old Testament in the Christian Bible or of the second part of the Books of Chronicles in the Hebrew Bible.[1][2] The book is compiled from older sources by an unknown person or group, designated by modern scholars as "the Chronicler", and had the final shape established in late fifth or fourth century BCE.[3] This chapter belongs to the section focusing on the kingdom of Judah until its destruction by the Babylonians under Nebuchadnezzar and the beginning of restoration under Cyrus the Great of Persia (2 Chronicles 10 to 36).[1] The focus of this chapter (as all chapters from 17 to 20) is the reign of Jehoshaphat, king of Judah.[4]
| 2 Chronicles 19 | |
|---|---|
 The complete Hebrew text of the Books of Chronicles (1st and 2nd Chronicles) in the Leningrad Codex (1008 CE). | |
| Book | Books of Chronicles |
| Category | Ketuvim |
| Christian Bible part | Old Testament |
| Order in the Christian part | 14 |
Text
editThis chapter was originally written in the Hebrew language and is divided into 11 verses.
Textual witnesses
editSome early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text tradition, which includes the Aleppo Codex (10th century), and Codex Leningradensis (1008).[5]
There is also a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint, made in the last few centuries BCE. Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include Codex Vaticanus (B; B; 4th century), and Codex Alexandrinus (A; A; 5th century).[6][a]
Old Testament references
editJehoshaphat reproved by Jehu (19:1–3)
editJehoshaphat's safe home return (in contrast to Ahab's death) literally fulfilled Micaiah's demands (18:16), although 'not complying with the spirit of his plea'.[11] The prophet Jehu, the son of Hanani (cf. 2 Chronicles 16:7–9) rebuked Jehoshaphat for making an alliance with Ahab of Israel (cf. 2 Chronicles 16:1–6), because with the act, Jehoshaphat was not faithful to God in that 'he proposed to help the wicked and was loyal to those who hate the Lord'.[12] 'Love' and 'hate' here are not 'emotional terms', but parts of a 'political vocabulary'; 'to love' means virtually 'to form a coalition'. The attacke by the Transjordanian alliance in chapter 20 could be interpreted as the realization of God's anger at Jehoshaphat.[11]
Jehoshaphat's reforms (19:4–11)
editJehoshaphat continued to develop the policies he established at the start of his reign (2 Chronicles 17), extending to the territory of northern kingdom he controlled (verse 4; cf. 2 Chronicles 17:1–2).[12] The judicial reform may reflect the element "shaphat" ("to judge") in Jehoshaphat's name (cf. 2 Chronicles 16:12).[13]
Verse 11
edit- And, behold, Amariah the chief priest is over you in all matters of the Lord; and Zebadiah the son of Ishmael, the ruler of the house of Judah, for all the king's matters: also the Levites shall be officers before you. Deal courageously, and the Lord shall be with the good.[14]
- " Amariah the chief priest": or "High Priest" (ha-rosh, "the Head"; cf. 2 Chronicles 24:6). 1 Chronicles 6:11 (KJV; or 1 Chronicles 5:37 in Hebrew Bible) lists Amariah as the fifth generation from Zadok, the High Priest during David and Solomon's time, whereas Jehoshaphat was the fifth king from David, so the name Amariah should denote the same person in both verses.[15][16]
The distinction between "matters of the Lord" and "matters of the king" is found only in the books of Chronicles (1 Chronicles 26:30, 32; 2 Chronicles 19:11) and book of Ezra (Ezra 7:26).[13]
See also
editNotes
edit- ^ The whole book of 2 Chronicles is missing from the extant Codex Sinaiticus.[7][8][9]
References
edit- ^ a b Ackroyd 1993, p. 113.
- ^ Mathys 2007, p. 268.
- ^ Ackroyd 1993, pp. 113–114.
- ^ Mathys 2007, p. 293.
- ^ Würthwein 1995, pp. 36–37.
- ^ Würthwein 1995, pp. 73–74.
- ^ Würthwein, Ernst (1988). Der Text des Alten Testaments (2nd ed.). Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft. p. 85. ISBN 3-438-06006-X.
- ^ Swete, Henry Barclay (1902). An Introduction to the Old Testament in Greek. Cambridge: Macmillan and Co. pp. 129–130.
- ^
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Codex Sinaiticus". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
- ^ a b 2 Chronicles 19 Holman Christian Standard Bible. Biblehub
- ^ a b Mathys 2007, p. 294.
- ^ a b Coogan 2007, p. 642 Hebrew Bible.
- ^ a b Coogan 2007, p. 643 Hebrew Bible.
- ^ 2 Chronicles 19:11 KJV
- ^ Ellicott, C. J. (Ed.) (1905). Ellicott's Bible Commentary for English Readers. 2 Chronicles 19. London : Cassell and Company, Limited, [1905-1906] Online version: (OCoLC) 929526708. Accessed 28 April 2019.
- ^ Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges. 2 Chronicles 19. Accessed 28 April 2019
Sources
edit- Ackroyd, Peter R (1993). "Chronicles, Books of". In Metzger, Bruce M; Coogan, Michael D (eds.). The Oxford Companion to the Bible. Oxford University Press. pp. 113–116. ISBN 978-0195046458.
- Bennett, William (2018). The Expositor's Bible: The Books of Chronicles. Litres. ISBN 978-5040825196.
- Coogan, Michael David (2007). Coogan, Michael David; Brettler, Marc Zvi; Newsom, Carol Ann; Perkins, Pheme (eds.). The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books: New Revised Standard Version, Issue 48 (Augmented 3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195288810.
- Mabie, Frederick (2017). "I. The Chronicler's Genealogical Survey of All Israel". In Longman III, Tremper; Garland, David E (eds.). 1 and 2 Chronicles. The Expositor's Bible Commentary. Zondervan. pp. 267–308. ISBN 978-0310531814. Retrieved December 6, 2019.
- Mathys, H. P. (2007). "14. 1 and 2 Chronicles". In Barton, John; Muddiman, John (eds.). The Oxford Bible Commentary (first (paperback) ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 267–308. ISBN 978-0199277186. Retrieved February 6, 2019.
- McFall, Leslie (1991), "Translation Guide to the Chronological Data in Kings and Chronicles" (PDF), Bibliotheca Sacra, 148: 3-45, archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-08-27
- Thiele, Edwin R., The Mysterious Numbers of the Hebrew Kings, (1st ed.; New York: Macmillan, 1951; 2d ed.; Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1965; 3rd ed.; Grand Rapids: Zondervan/Kregel, 1983). ISBN 9780825438257
- Würthwein, Ernst (1995). The Text of the Old Testament. Translated by Rhodes, Erroll F. Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans. ISBN 0-8028-0788-7. Retrieved January 26, 2019.
External links
edit- Jewish translations:
- Divrei Hayamim II - II Chronicles - Chapter 19 (Judaica Press) in Hebrew and English translation [with Rashi's commentary] at Chabad.org
- Christian translations:
- Online Bible at GospelHall.org (ESV, KJV, Darby, American Standard Version, Bible in Basic English)
- 2 Chronicles Chapter 19. Bible Gateway