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2019 European Parliament election

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The 2019 European Parliament election was held in the European Union (EU) between 23 and 26 May 2019. It was the ninth parliamentary election since the first direct elections in 1979. A total of 751 Members of the European Parliament (MEPs) were elected to represent more than 512 million people from 28 member states. In February 2018, the European Parliament had voted to decrease the number of MEPs from 751 to 705 if the United Kingdom were to withdraw from the European Union on 29 March 2019.[2] However, the United Kingdom participated alongside other EU member states after an extension of Article 50 to 31 October 2019; therefore, the allocation of seats between the member states and the total number of seats remained as it had been in 2014.[3]

2019 European Parliament election
← 2014 23–26 May 2019 2024 →
All 751 seats to the European Parliament
376 seats needed for a majority
Turnout198,352,638 (50.66%[1] Increase 8.01 pp)
 
(Manfred Weber) EPP Summit, 19 October 2017 (37534170170) (cropped).jpg
2018 PES Congres (46352554571).jpg
Debate of lead candidates for the European Commission presidency (32917075457).jpg
Leader Manfred Weber Frans Timmermans Margrethe Vestager
Alliance EPP S&D Renew
Leader's seat Germany Netherlands Not running
Last election 221 seats, 23.8% 191 seats, 24.4% 67 seats, 7.0%
Seats before 216 185 69
Seats won 187 147 108
Seat change Decrease 34 Decrease 31 Increase 39
Popular vote 41,211,023 35,421,084 23,788,652
Percentage 21.0% 18.5% 13.0%
Swing Decrease 2.8% Decrease 5.9% Increase 6.0%
 
Speech of the Lead Candidates (47941849351).jpg
2019-07-08-Ska Keller in 2019-hart aber fair-6482.jpg
Marco Zanni 2019.jpg
Debate of lead candidates for the European Commission presidency (32917075397).jpg
Leader Bas Eickhout
Ska Keller 		Marco Zanni Jan Zahradil
Alliance Greens/EFA ID ECR
Leader's seat Netherlands
Germany 		North-West Italy Czech Republic
Last election 50 seats, 7.3% New group 70 seats, 5.2%
Seats before 52 36 77
Seats won 74 76 62
Seat change Increase 22 Increase 40 Decrease 15
Popular vote 19,886,513 20,980,853 14,207,477
Percentage 11.7% 10.8% 8.2%
Swing Increase 4.4% New group Increase 3.0%
 
Po poteh razprodaj 17.JPG
Debate of lead candidates for the European Commission presidency (40894701933).jpg
Leader Violeta Tomić
Nico Cué
Alliance GUE/NGL
Leader's seat Slovenia
Not running
Last election 52 seats, 5.6%
Seats before 52
Seats won 41
Seat change Decrease 11
Popular vote 10,219,537
Percentage 6.5%
Swing Increase 0.9%
Post-election composition of each member state's delegation
President of the European Commission before election

Jean-Claude Juncker
EPP

President of the European Commission after election

Ursula von der Leyen
EPP

On 26 May 2019, the centre-left and centre-right parties suffered significant losses, while pro-EU centrist, liberal and environmentalist parties and anti-EU right-wing populist parties made substantial gains.[4][5] The European People's Party led by Manfred Weber won the most seats in the European Parliament, making Weber the leading candidate to become the next President of the European Commission.[6][7] Despite this, the European Council decided after the election to nominate Ursula von der Leyen as new Commission President.

New law

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On 7 June 2018, the Council agreed at ambassador level to change the EU electoral law and to reform old laws from the 1976 Electoral Act. The purpose of the reform is to increase participation in elections, raise understanding of their European character and prevent irregular voting while at the same time respecting the constitutional and electoral traditions of the member states.[8] The reform forbids double voting and voting in third countries, thus improving the visibility of European political parties.[8] To avoid double voting, contact authorities are established to exchange data on voters, a process that has to start at least six weeks before the elections.[8]

The European Parliament gave its consent on 4 July 2018 and the Act was adopted by the Council on 13 July 2018. However, not all member states ratified the Act prior to the 2019 elections and therefore this election took place in line with the previous rules.[9][10]

Political groups and lead candidates

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Spitzenkandidat system

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See also: Spitzenkandidat

The Spitzenkandidat process involves the nomination by European political parties of candidates for the role of Commission President, the party winning the most seats in the European Parliament receiving the first opportunity to attempt to form a majority to back their candidate (akin to how heads of government are elected in national parliamentary democracies). This process was first used in 2014 and was opposed by some in the European Council. The future of the process is uncertain, but the European Parliament has attempted to codify the process and the parties are almost certain to select the candidates again.[11] On 23 January 2018, the Constitutional Affairs Committee adopted a text stating that the Spitzenkandidat process could not be overturned, and that Parliament "will be ready to reject any candidate in the investiture procedure of the Commission President who was not appointed as a Spitzenkandidat in the run-up to the European elections".[12] In May 2018 a Eurobarometer poll suggested that 49% of the 27,601 individuals from all 28 EU countries surveyed think that the Spitzenkandidat process will help them vote in the next European elections while 70% also think that the process requires a real debate on European issues.[13]

Overview

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European political parties EP Group Lead candidate(s)
EPP European People's Party EPP Group Manfred Weber
PES Party of European Socialists S&D Frans Timmermans
ACRE Alliance of Conservatives and Reformists in Europe ECR Jan Zahradil
ECPM European Christian Political Movement None
ALDE Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party ALDE Group Team Europe
EDP European Democratic Party None
EGP European Green Party Greens/EFA Bas Eickhout, Ska Keller
EFA European Free Alliance Greens/EFA, ECR Oriol Junqueras
PEL Party of the European Left GUE/NGL Violeta Tomič, Nico Cué
MENF Movement for a Europe of Nations and Freedom ENF None

European People's Party

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Incumbent Jean-Claude Juncker stated he would not seek a second term as President of the European Commission.[14]

Two candidates sought the nomination of the EPP:

At their 2018 Congress in Helsinki, the EPP elected Manfred Weber as their Spitzenkandidat for President of the European Commission.[17]

Party of European Socialists

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Previous candidate Martin Schulz left the European Parliament in 2017 to head the Social Democratic Party of Germany, but he stepped down from the latter position in 2018.

Two candidates were nominated by PES member parties and organisations:

  • Maroš Šefčovič (Vice-President of the Commission) announced in September his bid to head the Commission.[18]
  • Frans Timmermans (first Vice-President of the Commission, previous Dutch Foreign Affairs Minister) announced in October his bid to head Commission.[19]

Šefčovič announced his withdrawal in November and supported Frans Timmermans as the Common Candidate.[20]

The party convened an extraordinary Congress in Lisbon to ratify the election of the candidate and to vote upon the manifesto.

European Conservatives and Reformists

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Jan Zahradil, an MEP for the Czech Civic Democratic Party, is the Spitzenkandidat of the European Conservatives and Reformists.

Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party

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Rather than present a single candidate, the ALDE group presented a Team Europe of seven people as the alliance's leading candidates:[21]

European Green Party

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As in 2014, the Greens adopted the principle of having two leading candidates for the European Elections 2019.[25] Unlike in 2014, where the candidates were chosen through an open online primary elections, the two leading candidates were elected by the Council of the Party in Berlin in November 2018.[26] Four people, two of them being currently MEPs, have declared their candidacy:[26]

At their 2018 Congress in Berlin, the party elected Ska Keller and Bas Eickhout as their Spitzenkandidaten for the President of the European Commission.

European Free Alliance

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Oriol Junqueras, a Catalan historian, academic and former Vice President of Catalonia who, at the time of the election, was imprisoned because of his involvement in the 2017 Catalan independence referendum, was the Spitzenkandidat of the European Free Alliance.[27][28]

Party of the European Left

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The designated candidates are Violeta Tomič from Slovenia and Belgian trade-unionist Nico Cué.[29]

Populist and Eurosceptic groups

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The Europe of Freedom and Direct Democracy was widely expected to disband after the election. One reason was that its biggest share of MEPs came from the United Kingdom, which was long expected to leave the EU before the election. The second was that the second-biggest partner, Italy's Five Star Movement (M5S), felt uneasy about this alliance anyway, having unsuccessfully tried to join the Greens/EFA or ALDE group instead. In February 2019, M5S alongside partners from Croatia, Finland, Greece and Poland presented a new alliance of anti-establishment parties that claim to be neither left nor right.[30]

In the 5-month period preceding the 2019 European Parliament elections, the blog byoblu.com, which collaborated with the Five Star Movement (M5S), published deceptive information on Twitter, spreading disinformation during the 2019 European elections.[31] The blog byoblu.com is owned by Claudio Messora, who was the head of communications for the 5 Star Movement and a close associate and friend of Beppe Grillo.[32]

The Movement is an alliance of populist parties set up by Steve Bannon in 2018 with the purpose of contesting the European elections. Participating parties included, at least temporarily, Lega Nord, People's Party of Belgium and Brothers of Italy and possibly French National Rally. Originally envisioned as an attempt to unite the populist parties in Europe, The Movement has so far been snubbed by the Alternative for Germany,[33] the Freedom Party of Austria[34] and the UK Independence Party.[35] In March 2019, reporters assessed Bannon's project as a failure.[36][37] Shortly ahead of the election, Marine Le Pen of the French National Rally distanced herself from Bannon, clarifying that he played no role in her party's campaign.[38]

In April 2019, Matteo Salvini of Italy's Lega launched the European Alliance of Peoples and Nations as a new coalition of populist, hard Eurosceptic and anti-immigration parties. It has been joined by most of the members of the outgoing Europe of Nations and Freedom group (including Lega, the French National Rally, Freedom Party of Austria and the Dutch Party for Freedom) as well as some former EFDD (Alternative for Germany) and ECR parties (Danish People's Party and Finns Party). It has been predicted to become the fourth largest group in parliament with an estimate of more than 80 MEPs.[39]

New parties

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2019 saw the debut of new parties such as Wiosna of Poland, Czech Pirate Party of Czech Republic, USR-PLUS of Romania, Human Shield and Most of Croatia, ĽSNS and Progressive Slovakia of Slovakia. Some of the new parties have already joined European parties, e.g. LMŠ of Slovenia is a member of ALDE.

The new Brexit Party won 29 seats in the United Kingdom.[40] As such, it won the most seats by any national political party in the parliament; the German CDU/CSU also won 29 seats but as an alliance.

The biggest new party after UK exit is La République En Marche! (LREM) of French President Emmanuel Macron that was formed in 2016 and won the French presidential and parliamentary elections of the following year. Initially, it balked at joining any of the existing party families, instead trying to form a new parliamentary group of pro-European centrists who support Macron's plans to reform the European institutions, drawing away members from ALDE, EPP and S&D.[41][42] Possible partners for such a project were expected to include Spanish Ciudadanos, Progressive Slovakia and the Hungarian Momentum Movement.[41] However, the hypothetical group was considered to have difficulties to find MEPs from at least seven member states as is required to form a new group.[41] In November 2018, LREM decided to cooperate with the liberal ALDE Group instead. Nevertheless, Macron stressed that this was merely a loose alliance and his party is not a member of ALDE Party. He bluntly criticised ALDE for accepting donations from the Bayer-Monsanto chemical group while LREM's campaign chief threatened to recall the alliance.[43] In April and May 2019, LREM continued its efforts to build a broader group, including ALDE, but also centrist and centre-left parties outside of ALDE.[44][45]

The European Spring initiated from the Democracy in Europe Movement 2025 ran as a pan-European party alliance with one unified vision for Europe, the European Green New Deal.[46] The most prominent figure is the former Greek minister Yanis Varoufakis, who ran as a candidate in the constituency of Germany, but failed to secure a seat.[47] Despite garnering approximately one and a half million votes, no representatives who ran DiEM25 were elected, due to the votes being dispersed throughout different EU countries.[48]

As a new pan-European party, Volt Europa was founded in different European countries two years before the elections and successfully campaigned in eight EU countries for the elections with one transnational programme.[49] Despite missing its own goal to create a parliamentary group on its own, approximately half a million votes in total were sufficient to send one of the founders, Damian Boeselager, into the European Parliament via a German Volt list.[50] Since June 2019, Volt is part of the group of the Greens/EFA.[51]

Televised debates

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European Commission presidency candidates at Eurovision Debate (May 2019). Left to right: Zahradil, Cué, Keller, Vestager, Timmermans, Weber
Table of televised debates
Date Time (CEST) Institute Participants Location Language Main presenter(s)
17 April 2019 21:00 France 24 and RFI[52] Timmermans and Weber Strasbourg French Caroline de Camaret (France 24) and Dominique Baillard (RFI)
17 April 2019 22:00 France 24[53][54] Timmermans and Weber Strasbourg English Catherine Nicholson (France 24)
29 April 2019 19:00 Politico Europe[55] Eickhout, Timmermans, Tomić, Verhofstadt and Zahradil Maastricht English Ryan Heath (Politico Europe) and Rianne Letschert (Maastricht University)
2 May 2019 18:00 Financial Times[56] Keller, Timmermans, Verhofstadt and Weber Florence English Martin Sandbu (Financial Times)
7 May 2019 20:15 ARD[57] Timmermans and Weber Cologne German Ellen Ehni and Andreas Cichowicz (both ARD)
15 May 2019 21:00 EBU[58] Cué, Keller, Timmermans, Vestager, Weber, and Zahradil Brussels English Émilie Tran Nguyen (France Television), Markus Preiss (ARD Germany), and Annastiina Heikkilä (YLE Finland)
16 May 2019 20:15 ZDF and ORF[59] Timmermans and Weber Berlin German Peter Frey (ZDF) and Ingrid Thurnher (ORF)
21 May 2019 22:00 NOS and NTR[60] Timmermans and Weber Hilversum German and Dutch Jeroen Wollaars (NOS)

Results

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Groups

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Map of Europe showing the European parliamentary group leading in each constituency. In constituencies where some groups have had the same number of seats, the groups with the most seats are displayed with hashing.
  EPP   S&D   RE   G/EFA   ID   ECR   GUE/NGL   NI
Results by political group[61]
Group (2019–24) Votes Seats
Votes % Seats ∆ %
EPP European People's Party group 41,211,023[a] 20.80
182 / 751
   −34 24.23
S&D Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats 35,421,084 17.88
154 / 751
   −31 20.51
RE Renew Europe[b] 23,788,652[c] 12.01
108 / 751
   +39 14.38
G/EFA Greens–European Free Alliance 19,886,513[d] 10.04
74 / 751
   +22 9.85
ID Identity and Democracy[e] 20,980,853 10.59
73 / 751
   +37 9.72
ECR European Conservatives and Reformists 14,207,477 7.17
62 / 751
   −15 8.26
GUE/NGL European United Left–Nordic Green Left 10,219,537[f] 5.16
41 / 751
   −11 5.46
NI Non-Inscrits 12,923,417 6.52
57 / 751
   +37 7.59
All others 19,453,922 9.82
0 / 751
 N/A 0.00
Total 198,352,638 100.00 751   100.00
Vote totals given account only for lists which won seats and joined the corresponding group or sat as non-inscrits.
Votes summary
EPP
 
 20.80%
S&D
 
 17.88%
RE
 
 12.01%
ID
 
 10.59%
G/EFA
 
 10.04%
ECR
 
 7.17%
GUE/NGL
 
 5.16%
NI
 
 6.52%
Other
 
 9.82%
Seats summary
EPP
 
 24.23%
S&D
 
 20.51%
RE
 
 14.38%
G/EFA
 
 9.85%
ID
 
 9.72%
ECR
 
 8.26%
GUE/NGL
 
 5.46%
NI
 
 7.59%
Gallagher Index for the 2019 European Parliament election
Party Votes (%) Seats (%) Difference Difference
squared
EPP 20.80% 24.23% 3.43 11.7649
S&D 17.88% 20.51% 2.63 6.9169
RE 12.01% 14.38% 2.37 5.6169
G/EFA 10.04% 9.85% -0.19 0.0361
ID 10.59% 9.72% -0.87 0.7569
ECR 7.17% 8.26% 1.09 1.1881
GUE/NGL 5.16% 5.46% 0.3 0.09
NI 6.52% 7.59% 1.07 1.1449
Wasted vote 9.82% 0.00% -9.82 96.4324
Total of differences squared 123.9471
Total / 2 61.9736
Square root of (Total / 2): Gallagher Index result 7.87
The Gallagher Index ranges from 0 to 100. Low indexes (close to 0)
are very proportionate, high indexes (20 or greater) are very disproportionate.


By country

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State Political groups MEPs
EPP
(EPP, ECPM) 		S&D
(PES, EDP) 		RE
(ALDE, EDP) 		G/EFA
(EGP, EFA) 		ID
(IDP) 		ECR
(ECRP, ECPM, EFA) 		GUE/NGL
(PEL) 		NI
 
Austria 		7 (ÖVP) +2 5 (SPÖ) = 1 (NEOS) = 2 (Grüne) −1 3 (FPÖ) −1 18
 
Belgium 		2 (CD&V)
1 (CDH)
1 (CSP) 		=
=
= 		2 (PS)
1 (SP.A) 		−1
= 		2 (Open VLD)
2 (MR) 		−1
−1 		2 (ECOLO)
1 (Groen) 		+1
= 		3 (VB) +2 3 (N-VA) −1 1 (PTB) +1 21
 
Bulgaria 		5+1 (GERB+SDS)
1 (DSB) 		=
= 		5 (BSP) +1 3 (DPS) −1 2 (VMRO) +1 17
 
Croatia 		4 (HDZ) −1 3 (SDP) +1 1 (AMS: IDS) −1 1 (HKS) = 1 (Human Shield)
1 (Kolakušić) 		+1
+1 		11
 
Cyprus 		2 (DISY) = 1 (EDEK)
1 (DIKO) 		=
= 		2 (AKEL) = 6
 
Czech
Republic 		2+1 (TOP 09+STAN)
2 (KDU–ČSL) 		−1
−1 		6 (ANO) +2 3 (Piráti) +3 2 (SPD) +2 4 (ODS) +2 1 (KSČM) −2 21
 
Denmark 		1 (C) = 3 (S) = 3 (V)
2 (B) 		+1
+1 		2 (SF) +1 1 (O) −3 1 (RG) +1 13
 
Estonia 		2 (SDE) +1 2 (RE)
1 (KE) 		=
= 		1 (EKRE) +1 6
 
Finland 		3 (Kok.) = 2 (SDP) = 2 (Kesk.)
1 (SFP) 		−1
= 		2 (VIHR) +1 2 (PS) = 1 (Vas.) = 13
 
France 		8 (LR-LC) −12 5 (PS-PP-ND) −8 21 (LREM-MoDem-Agir–MR) +21 12 (EELV) +6 22 (RN) −2 6 (FI) +6 74
 
Germany 		23 (CDU)
6 (CSU) 		−5
+1 		16 (SPD) −11 5 (FDP)
2 (FW) 		+2
+1 		21 (B’90/Grüne)
1 (ÖDP)
1 (Piraten)
1 (Volt Europa)
1 (PARTEI) 		+10
=
=
+1
+1 		11 (AfD) +4 1 (Familie) = 5 (Linke)
1 (Tierschutz) 		−2
= 		1 (PARTEI) = 96
 
Greece 		8 (ND) +3 2 (KINAL) = 1 (EL)[62] +1 6 (SYRIZA) = 2 (KKE)
2 (XA) 		=
−1 		21
 
Hungary 		12+1 (Fidesz+KDNP) +1 1 (MSZP)
4 (DK) 		−1
+2 		2 (MoMo) +2 1 (Jobbik) −2 21
 
Ireland 		4 (FG) = 1 (FF) = 2 (GP) +2 2 (I4C)
1 (SF)
1 (Flanagan) 		+2
−2
= 		11
 
Italy 		6 (FI)
1 (SVP) 		−7
= 		19 (PD) −12 28 (Lega) +23 5 (FdI) +5 14 (M5S) −3 73
 
Latvia 		2 (JV) −2 2 (Saskaņa) +1 1 (AP!) +1 1 (LKS) = 2 (NA) +1 8
 
Lithuania 		3 (TS–LKD)
1 (Maldeikienė) 		+1
+1 		2 (LSDP) = 1 (DP)
1 (LRLS) 		=
−1 		2 (LVŽS) +1 1 (LLRA) = 11
 
Luxembourg 		2 (CSV) −1 1 (LSAP) = 2 (DP) +1 1 (Gréng) = 6
 
Malta 		2 (PN) −1 4 (PL) +1 6
 
Netherlands 		4 (CDA)
1 (50+)
1 (CU) 		−1
+1
+1 		6 (PvdA) +3 2 (D66)
4 (VVD) 		−2
+1 		3 (GL) +1 3 (FvD)
1 (SGP) 		+3
= 		1 (PvdD) = 26
 
Poland 		14+3 (KE: KO+PSL) - 6 5 (KE: SLD)
3 (Wiosna) 		=
+3 		26 (PiS-SP) +8 51
 
Portugal 		6 (PSD)
1 (CDS–PP) 		=
= 		9 (PS) +1 1 (PAN) +1 2 (CDU: PCP)
2 (BE) 		−1
+1 		21
 
Romania 		10 (PNL)
2 (UDMR)
2 (PMP) 		−1
=
= 		8 (PSD)
2 (PRO) 		−8
+2 		8 (USR-PLUS) +8 32
 
Slovakia 		2 (PS+SPOLU): (SPOLU)
1 (KDH)
1 (OĽaNO) 		+2
−1
= 		3 (Smer–SD) −1 2 (PS+SPOLU): (PS) +2 2 (SaS) +1 2 (ĽSNS) +2 13
 
Slovenia 		2+1 (SDS+SLS)
1 (NSi) 		−1
= 		2 (SD) +1 2 (LMS) +2 8
 
Spain 		12 (PP) −4 20 (PSOE) +6 7 (Cs)
1 (CEUS: EAJ/PNV) 		+1
= 		1 (AR: ERC)
1 (UP: CatComú) 		-1
= 		3 (VOX) +3 3+2 (UP: Podemos+IU)
1 (AR: EH Bildu) 		−5
= 		2 (JuntsxCat)
1 (AR: ERC) 		+2
+1 		54
 
Sweden 		4 (M)
2 (KD) 		+1
+1 		5 (S) = 2 (C)
1 (L) 		+1
−1 		2 (MP) −2 3 (SD) +1 1 (V) = 20
 
United
Kingdom 		10 (LAB) −10 16 (LD)
1 (Alliance) 		+15
+1 		7 (GPEW)
3 (SNP)
1 (PC) 		+4
+1
= 		4 (CON) −15 1 (SF) = 29 (Brexit Party)
1 (DUP) 		+29

=

73
Total MEPs
EPP S&D RE G/EFA ID ECR GUE/NGL NI
182 (24.2%) −39 154 (20.5%) −37 108 (14.4%) +41 74 (9.9%) +24 73 (9.7%) +26 62 (8.3%) −8 41 (5.5%) −11 57 (7.6%) +5 751

Post-Brexit seats

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See also: Apportionment in the European Parliament
 
Map of the European Union with redistributed seats:
  GUE/NGL: 40 seats
  S&D: 148 seats
  G/EFA: 67 seats
  Renew: 97 seats
  EPP: 187 seats
  ECR: 62 seats
  ID: 76 seats
  Non-Inscrits: 28 seats

In June 2018, the European Council decided to reapportion 27 of the 73 seats which would become vacant in the event of the United Kingdom leaving the EU. As the United Kingdom was still a member of the EU at the time of the election, the elections were held with the same allocation of seats as in 2014. When the United Kingdom left the EU, 27 of the seats were reallocated to other EU member states as shown below, resulting in a total of 705 MEPs.[63]

State Seats before Seats after Change
  Austria 18 19   1
  Belgium 21 21   0
  Bulgaria 17 17   0
  Croatia 11 12   1
  Cyprus 6 6   0
  Czech Republic 21 21   0
  Denmark 13 14   1
  Estonia 6 7   1
  Finland 13 14   1
  France 74 79   5
  Germany 96 96   0
  Greece 21 21   0
  Hungary 21 21   0
  Ireland 11 13   2
  Italy 73 76   3
  Latvia 8 8   0
  Lithuania 11 11   0
  Luxembourg 6 6   0
  Malta 6 6   0
  Netherlands 26 29   3
  Poland 51 52   1
  Portugal 21 21   0
  Romania 32 33   1
  Slovakia 13 14   1
  Slovenia 8 8   0
  Spain 54 59   5
  Sweden 20 21   1
  United Kingdom 73 0   73
Total 751 705   46

Changes in group representation

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The table below shows the changes in group composition after the United Kingdom left the EU.

Member state Political groups MEPs
EPP S&D RE G/EFA ID ECR GUE/NGL NI
  Austria +1 (Grüne) +1
  Croatia +1 (SDP) +1
  Denmark +1 (V) +1
  Estonia +1 (PP) +1
  Finland +1 (VIHR) +1
  France +1 (PS) +1 (LREM)
+1 (IV) 		+1 (EELV) +1 (RN) +5
  Ireland +1 (FG) +1 (FF) +2
  Italy +1 (FI) +1 (LN) +1 (FdI) +3
  Netherlands +1 (VVD) +1 (PVV)[g] +1 (FvD) +3
  Poland +1 (PiS) +1
  Romania +1 (PSD) +1
  Slovakia +1 (KDH) +1
  Spain +1 (PP) +1 (PSOE) +1 (Cs) +1 (VOX) +1 (JuntsxCat) +5
  Sweden +1 (MP) +1
  United
Kingdom 		−10 (Lab) −16 (LibDem)
−1 (APNI) 		−7 (Green)
−3 (SNP)
−1 (PC) 		−4 (Con) −1 (SF) −29 (Brexit Party)
−1 (DUP) 		−73
Change +5 −6 −11 −7 +3 0 −1 −29 −46
  1. ^
  2. ^ Renew Europe replaced the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe group (ALDE) from the 2014−2019 Parliament.
  3. ^ 198,255 votes for PS–SPOLU (Slovakia), which comprised parties which joined the RE and EPP groups, have been counted for the RE group.
  4. ^ 1,252,139 votes for Ahora Repúblicas (Spain), which comprised parties which joined the G/EFA and GUE/NGL groups (plus one non-inscrit), have been counted for the G/EFA group.
  5. ^ Identity and Democracy largely replaced the Europe of Nations and Freedom (ENF) group from the 2014−2019 Parliament.
  6. ^ 2,258,857 votes for Unidas Podemos Cambiar Europa (Spain), which comprised parties which joined the GUE/NGL and G/EFA groups, have been counted for the GUE/NGL group.
  7. ^ Geert Wilders, leader of the PVV, announced that the party would join the ID group.

Seat projections

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There were no pan-European polls for the European elections. However, several organisations calculated the theoretical seat distribution in the European Parliament based on national polls in all member states. The table below displays these different projections. Since the United Kingdom notified its intention to leave the European Union in March 2017, the United Kingdom was expected not to participate in the European elections and was therefore excluded from projections. On 10 April 2019, the European Council extended the Brexit deadline to 31 October 2019, and the UK did participate in the European elections.[64] The UK was included in most projections after that date.

  1. ^ If the group had been able to be formed

Percent

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The following table shows projections with vote share instead of seats.

Aftermath

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European Commission

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Main article: von der Leyen Commission § Election

The heads of governments, gathered in a European Council on 1–3 July 2019, could not agree on a consensus President of the Commission. The two Spitzenkandidaten were discussed, but neither Manfred Weber (EPP), nor Frans Timmermans (PES), who had the backing of many leaders but not of those from the Visegrád Group, had a majority. In the final hours of the vote, the name of Ursula von der Leyen was suggested and agreed to by all governments, with Germany's abstention.

The European Parliament elected Ursula von der Leyen as President of the European Commission on 16 July, with 383 votes in favour (374 votes needed).[183]

The European Commission was approved by the European Parliament on 27 November 2019, receiving 461 votes, with 157 against and 89 abstentions. EPP, S&D, Renew Europe and half of the ECR voted in favour. The Greens/EFA abstained.[184]

See also

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References

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