Wikipedia

Eurovision Song Contest 1997

(Redirected from 1997 Eurovision Song Contest)

The Eurovision Song Contest 1997 was the 42nd edition of the annual Eurovision Song Contest, held on 3 May 1997 at the Point Theatre in Dublin, Ireland. Organised by the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) and host broadcaster Radio Telefís Éireann (RTÉ) and presented by Carrie Crowley and Ronan Keating, the contest was held in Ireland following the country's victory at the 1996 contest with the song "The Voice" by Eimear Quinn. The 1997 contest was the seventh – and to date last – edition to be staged in Ireland, as well as the fourth to be produced by RTÉ in five years. The Point Theatre served as the host venue for the third time, following the 1994 and 1995 contests, becoming the only venue to have been the site of three Eurovision Song Contests.

Eurovision Song Contest 1997
Dates
Final3 May 1997
Host
VenuePoint Theatre,
Dublin, Ireland
Presenter(s)
Musical directorFrank McNamara
Directed byIan McGarry
Executive supervisorMarie-Claire Vionnet
Executive producerNoel Curran
Host broadcasterRadio Telefís Éireann (RTÉ)
Websiteeurovision.tv/event/dublin-1997 Edit this at Wikidata
Participants
Number of entries25
Debuting countriesNone
Returning countries
Non-returning countries
  • A coloured map of the countries of EuropeBelgium in the Eurovision Song ContestItaly in the Eurovision Song Contest 1997Netherlands in the Eurovision Song Contest 1997Switzerland in the Eurovision Song Contest 1997Germany in the Eurovision Song Contest 1997United Kingdom in the Eurovision Song Contest 1997Monaco in the Eurovision Song ContestLuxembourg in the Eurovision Song ContestSpain in the Eurovision Song Contest 1997Ireland in the Eurovision Song Contest 1997Denmark in the Eurovision Song Contest 1997Finland in the Eurovision Song ContestNorway in the Eurovision Song Contest 1997Portugal in the Eurovision Song Contest 1997Sweden in the Eurovision Song Contest 1997Israel in the Eurovision Song ContestGreece in the Eurovision Song Contest 1997Malta in the Eurovision Song Contest 1997Austria in the Eurovision Song Contest 1997France in the Eurovision Song Contest 1997Turkey in the Eurovision Song Contest 1997Yugoslavia in the Eurovision Song ContestMorocco in the Eurovision Song ContestCyprus in the Eurovision Song Contest 1997Iceland in the Eurovision Song Contest 1997Bosnia and Herzegovina in the Eurovision Song Contest 1997Croatia in the Eurovision Song Contest 1997Slovenia in the Eurovision Song Contest 1997Estonia in the Eurovision Song Contest 1997Slovakia in the Eurovision Song ContestHungary in the Eurovision Song Contest 1997Romania in the Eurovision Song ContestLithuania in the Eurovision Song ContestPoland in the Eurovision Song Contest 1997Russia in the Eurovision Song Contest 1997Macedonia in the Eurovision Song Contest
         Competing countries     Relegated countries unable to participate due to poor results     Countries that participated in the past but not in 1997
Vote
Voting systemEach country awarded 12, 10, 8–1 points to their ten favourite songs
Winning song
1996 ← Eurovision Song Contest → 1998

Twenty-five countries participated in the contest, with a new relegation system introduced to determine which nations could participate, based on each country's average points total in previous contests. Italy made its first appearance since 1993, and Denmark, Germany, Hungary and Russia returned after last competing in 1995, having been prevented from competing the previous year after failing to progress from that event's qualifying round. Belgium, Finland and Slovakia, participants in the previous year's contest, were unable to return after being excluded by the new relegation rules.

The winner was the United Kingdom with the song "Love Shine a Light", written by Kimberley Rew and performed by Katrina and the Waves. Ireland, Turkey, Italy and Cyprus rounded out the top five, with Ireland earning their fifth placing in the top two within six years and Turkey and Cyprus achieving their best results to date. Five of the competing countries used televoting to determine their points, allowing the general viewing public a say in the results for the first time; following this successful trial all countries were encouraged to use this system starting from the following year's event. Entries were also permitted for the first time to feature no live music accompaniment, with each performance being able to use only a backing track rather than utilising any part of the orchestra or any live instrumentation from the performers themselves.

The 1997 event would prove to be a watershed for the contest, with many aspects of this event leaving a lasting impact on future editions of Eurovision. These included: the first openly LGBT artist, Iceland's Paul Oscar, selected to compete in the event; changes to contest rules led to the abandonment of live musical accompaniment in future events; a successful trial of televoting in five countries led to widespread adoption for all countries in 1998.

Location

edit
 
Point Theatre, Dublin – host venue of the 1997 contest (pictured following redevelopment)

The 1997 contest took place in Dublin, Ireland, following the country's victory at the 1996 edition with the song "The Voice", performed by Eimear Quinn. It was the seventh time that Ireland had hosted the contest, having previously staged the event in 1971, 1981, 1988, 1993, 1994 and 1995, with all previous events held in Dublin except the 1993 contest which was held in Millstreet.[1] This was the fourth edition of the contest that Ireland had hosted within five years, and with this edition Ireland equalled the record for the nation which had staged the most contests, originally set by the United Kingdom in 1982.[2][3][4]

Given the financial impact to staging the contest for a fourth time in five years, there was early speculation following Ireland's win in the 1996 contest that RTÉ might stage the event as a co-production with BBC Northern Ireland, however ultimately the Irish broadcaster decided to organise the event on its own once again.[3][5] The selected venue was the Point Theatre, a concert and events venue located amongst the Dublin Docklands which had originally been built as a train depot to serve the nearby port. Opened as a music venue in 1988, it was closed for redevelopment and expansion in 2008 and is now known as the 3Arena.[6][7] The venue had previously hosted the 1994 and 1995 contests, and with this staging it became the only venue to have hosted three Eurovision Song Contests.[3][4][8]

Participating countries

edit
Further information: List of countries in the Eurovision Song Contest
Eurovision Song Contest 1997 – Participation summaries by country

Per the rules of the contest twenty-five countries were allowed to participate in the event.[9] Denmark, Germany, Hungary and Russia made a return to the contest after failing to progress from the qualifying round in the previous year's contest, and Italy returned after last competing in 1993. Conversely Belgium, Finland and Slovakia, participants in the 1996 contest, were relegated and prevented from participating in this year's event.[3]

Three representatives who had previously performed as lead artists in the contest competed again at this year's event. Two artists represented their country for a second consecutive year, with Şebnem Paker returning for Turkey and Maarja-Liis Ilus, after previously participating with Ivo Linna in Oslo, competing as a solo artist for Estonia. Alma Čardžić also made a second appearance in the contest, having previously represented Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1994.[10] Additionally, Tor Endresen and Bettina Soriat, who represented Norway and Austria, respectively, in this year's event, had performed in previous contests as backing vocalist. Endresen had supported the Norwegian performer Karoline Krüger in the 1988 contest, and Soriat had supported Austrian entrant George Nussbaumer [de] in the previous year's event.[11][12]

Participants of the Eurovision Song Contest 1997[10][13]
Country Broadcaster Artist Song Language Songwriter(s) Conductor
  Austria ORF Bettina Soriat "One Step" German
  • Marc Berry
  • Ina Siber
 No conductor
  Bosnia and Herzegovina RTVBiH Alma Čardžić "Goodbye" Bosnian
Sinan Alimanović
  Croatia HRT E.N.I. "Probudi me" Croatian
No conductor
  Cyprus CyBC Hara and Andreas Konstantinou "Mana mou" (Μάνα μου) Greek Constantina Konstantinou Stavros Lantsias
  Denmark DR Kølig Kaj[a] "Stemmen i mit liv" Danish
Jan Glæsel
  Estonia ETV Maarja "Keelatud maa" Estonian
  • Harmo Kallaste
  • Kaari Sillamaa
 Tarmo Leinatamm
  France France Télévision Fanny "Sentiments songes" French Jean-Paul Dréau Régis Dupré
  Germany NDR[b] Bianca Shomburg "Zeit" German
No conductor
  Greece ERT Marianna Zorba "Horepse" (Χόρεψε) Greek Manolis Manouselis Anacreon Papageorgiou
  Hungary MTV V.I.P. "Miért kell, hogy elmenj?" Hungarian
  • Krisztina Bokor Fekete
  • Sándor Józsa
  • Attila Kornyei
  • Viktor Rakonczai
 Péter Wolf
  Iceland RÚV Paul Oscar "Minn hinsti dans" Icelandic
Szymon Kuran
  Ireland RTÉ Marc Roberts "Mysterious Woman" English John Farry No conductor
  Italy RAI Jalisse "Fiumi di parole" Italian
  • Carmen di Domenico
  • Alessandra Drusian
  • Fabio Ricci
 Lucio Fabbri
  Malta PBS Debbie Scerri "Let Me Fly" English Ray Agius Ray Agius
  Netherlands NOS Mrs. Einstein "Niemand heeft nog tijd" Dutch Ed Hooijmans Dick Bakker
  Norway NRK Tor Endresen "San Francisco" Norwegian
Geir Langslet
  Poland TVP Anna Maria Jopek "Ale jestem" Polish
  • Magda Czapińska
  • Tomasz Lewandowski
 Krzesimir Dębski
  Portugal RTP Célia Lawson "Antes do adeus" Portuguese
Thilo Krasmann
  Russia ORT Alla Pugacheva "Primadonna" (Примадонна) Russian Alla Pugacheva Rutger Gunnarsson
  Slovenia RTVSLO Tanja Ribič "Zbudi se" Slovene
Mojmir Sepe
  Spain TVE Marcos Llunas "Sin rencor" Spanish Marcos Llunas Toni Xuclà
  Sweden SVT Blond "Bara hon älskar mig" Swedish Stephan Berg Curt-Eric Holmquist
   Switzerland SRG SSR Barbara Berta "Dentro di me" Italian Barbara Berta Pietro Damiani
  Turkey TRT Şebnem Paker and Grup Ethnic "Dinle" Turkish
Levent Çoker
  United Kingdom BBC Katrina and the Waves "Love Shine a Light" English Kimberley Rew Don Airey

Qualification

edit

Due to the high number of countries wishing to enter the contest a relegation system was introduced in 1993 in order to reduce the number of countries which could compete in each year's contest. Any relegated countries would be able to return the following year, thus allowing all countries the opportunity to compete in at least one in every two editions.[15] The audio-only qualifying round used in 1996 had been poorly received among the competing countries, and so a new relegation system was introduced by the European Broadcasting Union for 1997 and future contests.[3][4] The twenty-five participants in the 1997 contest were made up of the previous year's winning country and host nation Ireland, and the twenty-four countries which had the highest average points total over the preceding four contests.[16] In cases where the average was identical between two or more countries the total number of points scored in the most recent contest determined the final order. Any countries which were not able to compete in the 1997 contest would then be eligible to compete in the 1998 event.[9][16]

Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Finland, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Romania and Slovakia were therefore excluded from participating in the 1997 contest;[16] however following Israel's withdrawal due to the date of the final clashing with its Holocaust Remembrance Day, Bosnia and Herzegovina was subsequently provided a reprieve and allowed to participate.[3][4] Macedonia was also excluded due to their failure to progress through the qualifying round in 1996.[17] The calculations used to determine the countries relegated for the 1997 contest are outlined in the table below.

Table key

  Qualifier
‡ Automatic qualifier
Calculation of average points to determine qualification for the 1997 contest[c]
Rank Country Average Yearly Point Totals[18][19][20][21]
1993 1994 1995 1996
1   Ireland ‡ 154.75 187 226 44 162
2   Norway 114.50 120 76 148 114
3   United Kingdom 95.00 164 63 76 77
4   Sweden 84.25 89 48 100 100
5   Malta 77.50 69 97 76 68
6   France 76.75 121 74 94 18
7   Poland 70.67 166 15 31
8   Hungary 62.50 DNQ 122 3 DNQ
9   Croatia 61.75 31 27 91 98
10    Switzerland 61.67 148 15 R 22
11   Netherlands 58.00 92 4 R 78
12   Portugal 57.50 60 73 5 92
13   Cyprus 54.75 17 51 79 72
14   Greece 53.00 64 44 68 36
15   Spain 52.75 58 17 119 17
16   Denmark 50.50 9 R 92 DNQ
17   Germany 49.00 18 128 1 DNQ
18   Estonia 48.00 DNQ 2 R 94
19   Austria 46.50 32 19 67 68
20   Italy 45.00 45
21   Russia 43.50 70 17 DNQ
22   Iceland 43.25 42 49 31 51
23   Israel[d] 42.50 4 R 81 DNQ
24   Slovenia 36.33 9 R 84 16
25   Turkey 29.33 10 R 21 57
26   Bosnia and Herzegovina[d] 23.25 27 39 14 13
27   Slovakia 17.00 DNQ 15 R 19
28   Romania 14.00 DNQ 14 R DNQ
29   Finland 13.33 20 11 R 9
30[e]   Belgium 11.00 3 R 8 22
31[e]   Luxembourg 11.00 11 R
32   Lithuania 0.00 0 R
–   Macedonia 0.00[f] DNQ

Production

edit
 
Ronan Keating (pictured in 2002) served as co-presenter of the 1997 contest and performed during the interval act as lead singer of Boyzone.

The Eurovision Song Contest 1997 was produced by the Irish public broadcaster Radio Telefís Éireann (RTÉ). Noel Curran served as executive producer, Ian McGarry served as director, Paula Farrell and John Casey served as designers, and Frank McNamara served as musical director, leading the RTÉ Concert Orchestra.[23][24][25] On behalf of the contest organisers, the European Broadcasting Union (EBU), the event was overseen by Marie-Claire Vionnet as executive supervisor.[3][26][27]

Rehearsals in the contest venue for the competing acts began on 28 April 1997. Each country had two technical rehearsals in the week approaching the contest, with countries rehearsing in the order in which they would perform. The first rehearsals took place on 28 and 29 April, with each country allowed 40 minutes total on stage followed by a 20-minute press conference, followed by the second rehearsals on 30 April and 1 May lasting 30 minutes.[4][28][29][30][31] Times were also arranged during the week for the artists to be recorded in the RTÉ studios, with footage used during the postcards between each song.[4] Three dress rehearsals were held on 2 and 3 May, with an audience in attendance during the evening dress rehearsal on 2 May. The final dress rehearsal on 3 May was also recorded for use as a production stand-by in case of problems during the live contest.[4] A tight security presence was felt during the rehearsal week; emergency drills were held by Gardaí, including evacuations of the Point Theatre, as a precaution against potential disruption from loyalist paramilitaries as part of the wider sectarian conflict in Northern Ireland.[5][32]

The Irish television and radio presenter Carrie Crowley and the Irish singer Ronan Keating were the presenters of the 1997 contest.[5][33] The trophy awarded to the winners was designed by Maura Whelan and Luc Racine, and was presented by the previous year's winning artist Eimear Quinn.[34][35]

Format

edit

Entries

edit

Each participating broadcaster submitted one song, which was required to be no longer than three minutes in duration and performed in the language, or one of the languages, of the country which it represented. Short quotations from another language, no more than a single phrase repeated a maximum of three times, were permitted. A maximum of six performers were allowed on stage during each country's performance, and all participants were required to have reached the age of 16 in the year of the contest.[36] Each entry could utilise all or part of the live orchestra and could use instrumental-only backing tracks. This was the first time that a competing song could be accompanied entirely with a backing track following a change to the contest rules, with the previous rules stating that any backing tracks used could only include the sound of instruments featured on stage being mimed by the performers.[4][5] For those countries which opted to utilise the orchestra a separate musical director could be nominated to lead the orchestra during their performance, with the host musical director, Frank McNamara, also available to conduct for those countries which did not nominate their own conductor.[36][37] The entries from Austria, Croatia, Germany and Ireland were performed entirely without live orchestration.[10]

Selected entries were not permitted to be released commercially until after 3 February 1997 and after having been selected for the contest.[9] Each country's participating broadcaster was required to have selected their entry by 10 March, and all entries had to be submitted to the contest organisers by 19 March, including the score of the song for use by the orchestra, a sound recording of the entry and backing track for use during the contest, and the text of the song lyrics in its original language and translations in French and English for distribution to the participating broadcasters, their commentators and juries.[36]

Following the confirmation of the twenty-five competing countries, the draw to determine the running order was held on 28 November 1996.[9]

Voting procedure

edit
Further information: Voting at the Eurovision Song Contest

The results of the 1997 contest were determined through the same scoring system as had first been introduced in 1975: each country awarded twelve points to its favourite entry, followed by ten points to its second favourite, and then awarded points in decreasing value from eight to one for the remaining songs which featured in the country's top ten, with countries unable to vote for their own entry.[38][39] The points awarded by the majority of countries were determined by an assembled jury of sixteen individuals, which was required to be split evenly between members of the public and music professionals, comprised additionally of an equal number of men and women, and below and above 30 years of age. Each jury member voted in secret and awarded between one and ten votes to each participating song, excluding that from their own country and with no abstentions permitted. The votes of each member were collected following the country's performance and then tallied by the non-voting jury chairperson to determine the points to be awarded. In any cases where two or more songs in the top ten received the same number of votes, a show of hands by all jury members was used to determine the final placing; if a tie still remained, the youngest jury member would have the deciding vote.[39]

For the first time however, as part of a trial held by the contest organisers, televoting was used to determine the points from five of the participating countries.[5][38] In these countries viewers had a total of five minutes to register their vote by calling one of twenty-four different telephone numbers to represent the twenty-five competing entries except that which represented their own country. Once the voting phone lines were opened following the performance of the last competing entry, a video recap containing short clips of each competing entry with the accompanying phone number for voting was shown in order to aid viewers during the voting window.[40] In those countries which opted to use televoting to determine their points a jury was still required which would function as a back-up in case technical failure prevented the televote results from being used. The composition of the back-up juries in these countries was identical to the juries in the other countries with regards to profession, gender and age.[41]

Contest overview

edit
 
Katrina Leskanich (pictured in 2014), lead singer of the 1997 winning performers Katrina and the Waves
 
Maarja-Liis Ilus (pictured in 2006) represented Estonia in the contest for a second consecutive year.

The contest took place on 3 May 1997 at 20:00 (IST) and lasted 3 hours and 11 minutes.[10][42]

The show was opened by good luck messages from past Eurovision winners and hosts to the contestants in the contest, and short interviews with previous contestants also featured preceding some of the postcards between the entries.[8][40] Irish boy band Boyzone, with co-presenter Keating as a member, featured as part of the show's interval act, performing the song "Let the Message Run Free".[5]

The winner was the United Kingdom represented by the song "Love Shine a Light", composed by Kimberley Rew and performed by Katrina and the Waves.[43] This was the United Kingdom's fifth contest win – their first in sixteen years – following victories in 1967, 1969, 1976 and 1981. As of 2024, this is the last winning UK Eurovision entry.[44] Ireland's second-place finish earned them their fifth placing in the top two within six years, while Turkey and Cyprus achieved their highest placings yet by finishing third and fifth respectively.[5][45][46] Norway meanwhile finished in last place for the eighth time and received their fourth nul points.[5][47] Following this contest Italy's RAI declined to participate in future events and an Italian entry would not participate in the Eurovision Song Contest for 14 years, until the country's return at the 2011 event.[48][49]

Results of the Eurovision Song Contest 1997[10][50]
R/O Country Artist Song Points Place
1   Cyprus Hara and Andreas Konstantinou "Mana mou" 98 5
2   Turkey Şebnem Paker and Grup Ethnic "Dinle" 121 3
3   Norway Tor Endresen "San Francisco" 0 24
4   Austria Bettina Soriat "One Step" 12 21
5   Ireland Marc Roberts "Mysterious Woman" 157 2
6   Slovenia Tanja Ribič "Zbudi se" 60 10
7    Switzerland Barbara Berta "Dentro di me" 5 22
8   Netherlands Mrs. Einstein "Niemand heeft nog tijd" 5 22
9   Italy Jalisse "Fiumi di parole" 114 4
10   Spain Marcos Llunas "Sin rencor" 96 6
11   Germany Bianca Shomburg "Zeit" 22 18
12   Poland Anna Maria Jopek "Ale jestem" 54 11
13   Estonia Maarja "Keelatud maa" 82 8
14   Bosnia and Herzegovina Alma Čardžić "Goodbye" 22 18
15   Portugal Célia Lawson "Antes do adeus" 0 24
16   Sweden Blond "Bara hon älskar mig" 36 14
17   Greece Marianna Zorba "Horepse" 39 12
18   Malta Debbie Scerri "Let Me Fly" 66 9
19   Hungary V.I.P. "Miért kell, hogy elmenj?" 39 12
20   Russia Alla Pugacheva "Primadonna" 33 15
21   Denmark Kølig Kaj[a] "Stemmen i mit liv" 25 16
22   France Fanny "Sentiments songes" 95 7
23   Croatia E.N.I. "Probudi me" 24 17
24   United Kingdom Katrina and the Waves "Love Shine a Light" 227 1
25   Iceland Paul Oscar "Minn hinsti dans" 18 20

Spokespersons

edit
 
Marie Myriam (pictured in 2007), winner of the 1977 contest, was one of the French spokespersons at this event.[51]

Each country nominated a spokesperson who was responsible for announcing, in English or French, the votes for their respective country.[39][52] As had been the case since the 1994 contest, the spokespersons were connected via satellite and appeared in vision during the broadcast.[53] Spokespersons at the 1997 contest are listed below.[40]

  1.   Cyprus – Marios Skordis
  2.   Turkey – Ömer Önder
  3.   Norway – Ragnhild Sælthun Fjørtoft
  4.   Austria – Adriana Zartl [de]
  5.   Ireland – Eileen Dunne[54]
  6.   Slovenia – Mojca Mavec [sl]
  7.    Switzerland – Sandy Altermatt [it]
  8.   Netherlands – Corry Brokken
  9.   Italy – Peppi Franzelin [it]
  10.   Spain – Belén Fernández de Henestrosa
  11.   Germany – Christina Mänz
  12.   Poland – Jan Chojnacki
  13.   Estonia – Helene Tedre[55]
  14.   Bosnia and Herzegovina – Segmedina Srna
  15.   Portugal – Cristina Rocha
  16.   Sweden – Gösta Hanson[56]
  17.   Greece – Niki Venega
  18.   Malta – Anna Bonanno
  19.   Hungary – Györgyi Albert [hu][57]
  20.   Russia – Arina Sharapova[58]
  21.   Denmark – Bent Henius [da]
  22.   France – Frédéric Ferrer [fr] and Marie Myriam
  23.   Croatia – Davor Meštrović [hr]
  24.   United Kingdom – Colin Berry[41]
  25.   Iceland – Svanhildur Konráðsdóttir

Detailed voting results

edit

Jury voting was used to determine the points awarded by most countries, with televoting used in Austria, Germany, Switzerland, Sweden and the United Kingdom.[3][41][16] The announcement of the results from each country was conducted in the order in which they performed, with the spokespersons announcing their country's points in English or French in ascending order.[40][39] The detailed breakdown of the points awarded by each country is listed in the tables below.

Detailed voting results of the Eurovision Song Contest 1997[41][59][60]
Voting procedure used:
  100% jury vote
  100% televoting
Total score
Cyprus
Turkey
Norway
Austria
Ireland
Slovenia
Switzerland
Netherlands
Italy
Spain
Germany
Poland
Estonia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Portugal
Sweden
Greece
Malta
Hungary
Russia
Denmark
France
Croatia
United Kingdom
Iceland
Contestants
 Cyprus 98 2 3 4 4 10 4 10 5 1 3 12 7 1 7 4 4 5 12
Turkey 121 7 2 6 2 7 12 12 6 12 5 6 7 10 6 4 6 4 7
Norway 0
Austria 12 3 1 5 3
Ireland 157 8 6 3 10 1 7 4 10 6 8 7 8 8 10 10 8 5 10 10 6 12
Slovenia 60 2 10 2 4 7 4 3 5 10 7 3 3
Switzerland 5 2 3
Netherlands 5 1 4
Italy 114 6 5 1 1 10 10 7 8 4 8 6 12 3 5 3 7 4 10 3 1
Spain 96 10 4 6 5 8 6 3 2 4 8 6 12 10 8 2 2
Germany 22 3 5 5 3 1 5
Poland 54 4 8 7 1 1 2 6 3 4 2 1 7 5 3
Estonia 82 1 6 8 3 12 4 7 6 1 1 1 4 8 8 10 2
Bosnia and Herzegovina 22 8 4 2 3 4 1
Portugal 0
Sweden 36 8 5 6 6 7 4
Greece 39 12 5 7 6 2 7
Malta 66 5 12 10 7 6 1 5 8 3 1 8
Hungary 39 3 4 5 5 2 5 2 8 5
Russia 33 1 5 12 8 7
Denmark 25 7 1 7 2 2 6
France 95 3 2 12 10 2 3 5 12 12 3 6 2 4 2 6 1 10
Croatia 24 4 1 3 2 5 8 1
United Kingdom 227 7 7 6 12 12 8 12 12 8 5 10 10 10 10 7 12 10 1 12 12 12 12 12 8
Iceland 18 2 2 8 6

12 points

edit

The below table summarises how the maximum 12 points were awarded from one country to another. The winning country is shown in bold. The United Kingdom received the maximum score of 12 points from ten countries, with France and Turkey receiving three sets of 12 points each, Cyprus receiving two sets of 12 points, and Estonia, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Malta, Russia and Spain each receiving one maximum score.[59][60]

Distribution of 12 points awarded at the Eurovision Song Contest 1997[59][60]
N. Contestant Nation(s) giving 12 points
10   United Kingdom   Austria,   Croatia,   Denmark,   France,   Hungary,   Ireland,   Netherlands,   Russia,   Sweden,    Switzerland
3   France   Estonia,   Norway,   Poland
  Turkey   Bosnia and Herzegovina,   Germany,   Spain
2   Cyprus   Greece,   Iceland
1   Estonia   Italy
  Greece   Cyprus
  Ireland   United Kingdom
  Italy   Portugal
  Malta   Turkey
  Russia   Slovenia
  Spain   Malta

Broadcasts

edit

Each participating broadcaster was required to relay the contest live and in full via television.[61] Non-participating EBU member broadcasters were also able to relay the contest as "passive participants"; any passive countries wishing to participate in the following year's event were also required to provide a live broadcast of the contest or a deferred broadcast within 24 hours.[42] Broadcasters were able to send commentators to provide coverage of the contest in their own native language and to relay information about the artists and songs to their viewers.[62]

Known details on the broadcasts in each country, including the specific broadcasting stations and commentators, are shown in the tables below:

Broadcasters and commentators in participating countries
Country Broadcaster Channel(s) Commentator(s) Ref.
  Austria ORF ORF 1 Ernst Grissemann [63][64]
FM4 Stermann & Grissemann [65]
  Croatia HRT HRT1 Aleksandar Kostadinov [66][67]
  Cyprus CyBC RIK 1 [68]
  Denmark DR DR1 Hans Otto Bisgaard [dk] [69]
DR P3 Katrine Nyland Sørensen and Morten H. Pankoke
  Estonia ETV [70]
ER Vikerraadio
  France France Télévision France 2 Olivier Minne [71]
  Germany ARD Das Erste Peter Urban [72]
  Greece ERT ET1 Dafni Bokota [68]
  Hungary MTV MTV 1 István Vágó [57]
  Iceland RÚV Sjónvarpið, Rás 2 Jakob Frímann Magnússon [73]
  Ireland RTÉ RTÉ One Pat Kenny [61][74][75]
RTÉ Radio 1 Larry Gogan
  Italy RAI RAI Uno[g] Ettore Andenna [it] [76]
  Netherlands NOS TV2 Willem van Beusekom [77]
Radio 2 [78]
  Norway NRK NRK1 Jostein Pedersen [79]
NRK P1 Kristian Lindeman [no] [79][80]
  Poland TVP TVP1 Jan Wilkans [81][82]
PR Polskie Radio Bis Artur Orzech
  Portugal RTP RTP1, RTP Internacional[h] [83][84]
  Russia ORT Philipp Kirkorov and Sergey Antipov [58][85]
  Slovenia RTVSLO SLO 1 [sl] [86]
TV Koper-Capodistria
Val 202 Andrej Karoli [sl]
  Spain TVE La Primera, TVE Internacional[i] José Luis Uribarri [83][87]
  Sweden SVT SVT2 Janne Jingryd [sv] [88]
SR SR P3 Claes-Johan Larsson and Susan Seidemar [89]
   Switzerland SRG SSR Schweiz 4 Sandra Studer [63]
TSR Pierre Grandjean [83]
TSI
  Turkey TRT TRT 1, TRT Int [90]
  United Kingdom BBC BBC1, BBC Prime Terry Wogan [79][91]
BBC Radio 2 Ken Bruce [92]
Broadcasters and commentators in non-participating countries
Country Broadcaster Channel(s) Commentator(s) Ref.
  Australia SBS SBS TV[j] [93]
  Belgium BRTN TV1 André Vermeulen [94][95]
RTBF RTBF La 1 Jean-Pierre Hautier [72]
  Falkland Islands BFBS BFBS Television[k] Terry Wogan [96]
  Faroe Islands SvF[l] [97]
  Finland YLE TV1 Aki Sirkesalo and Olli Ahvenlahti [98][99]
Radio Suomi Iris Mattila and Sanna Kojo
  Greenland KNR KNR[m] [100]
  Israel IBA Channel 1 [101]
  Jordan JRTV JTV2 [102]
  Romania TVR TVR 1 Doina Caramzulescu and Costin Grigore [103][104]
  Slovakia STV STV2 [sk][n] [105]

Other awards

edit

Barbara Dex Award

edit

The Barbara Dex Award was first organised for artists in this year's contest. The award, created by the fansite House of Eurovision, was awarded to the performer deemed to have been the "worst dressed" among the participants.[106][107] The winner in 1997 was Malta's representative, Debbie Scerri (as determined by the founders of the House of Eurovision site, Edwin van Thillo and Rob Paardekam).[108][109][110]

Legacy

edit
See also: LGBT visibility in the Eurovision Song Contest and Voting at the Eurovision Song Contest

The Eurovision Song Contest has long held a fandom within the LGBT community, however it was not until the 1997 event that an openly LGBT artist was selected to compete in the event. Iceland's Paul Oscar was the first openly gay man to compete as a lead artist in Eurovision.[111][112] Paul Oscar's participation, as well as changing attitudes to homosexuality in Europe in the following years, marked the beginning of wider visibility of LGBT artists and themes; the following year's event provided the first trans participant in Israel's Dana International, 2002 saw Slovenia's Sestre become the first competing artists to perform in drag,[o] and the 2000 contest contained the first display of same-sex affection on stage through a kiss between the two male members of the Israeli band PingPong.[112][113][114] Since the 1997 contest many openly LGBT artists have competed in the contest, including several winners, among them Dana International, Austria's Conchita Wurst in 2014, and the Netherlands' Duncan Laurence in 2019.[115] Paul Oscar's contest performance, which featured four female backing dancers dressed in black latex clothing and sexually suggestive choreography, pushed the boundaries for sexual expression on the Eurovision stage for the first time.[116][117]

 
Iceland's Paul Oscar was the first openly LGBT artist to compete at Eurovision

The changes in the rules regarding the use of orchestra for this contest would eventually lead to the complete abandonment of live musical accompaniment in the Eurovision Song Contest. Ahead of the 1999 event the rules were modified again to make the procurement of an orchestra an optional component to staging the event, with that year's event becoming the first to have all competing entries performed to pre-recorded backing tracks.[118] The rules of the contest have since been modified further, and no live musical accompaniment is now allowed for any competing entries.[62][10] The abolishment of the orchestra proved controversial among some circles, with three-time, former Eurovision winner Johnny Logan referring to the modified event as "karaoke" in 2000.[119]

The introduction of televoting to the contest followed several years of successive Irish wins, with the national juries typically voting for more traditional, middle-of-the-road songs than those that represented the wider tastes of the general public, as was the case in 1996 when Eimear Quinn's "The Voice" was victorious over more modern entries such as Gina G's "Ooh Aah... Just a Little Bit", which represented the United Kingdom at that year's event and would go on to receive a nomination for Best Dance Recording at the 1998 Grammy Awards.[8][120][121] The successful trial of televoting in five countries led to widespread adoption for all countries in 1998, and public voting continues to play a part in determining the result of the contest to the present day.[3][62] The widespread use of televoting in the following years would however lead to accusations of greater political bias and "bloc voting", with the perception that neighbouring countries swap points and large diasporas are able to vote en masse for their native countries, skewing the results in their favour.[122][123][124] Controversy over the perceived unfairness of the voting system reached a head in 2007, when the public vote largely rewarded the entries from Eastern European countries over those from Western Europe.[125][126] The EBU would ultimately make changes to mitigate the impact of neighbourly voting by splitting countries by geographical location and voting history in the semi-finals from 2008 and re-introducing juries to account for 50% of each country's points in 2009.[127][128][129]

Notes and references

edit

Notes

edit
  1. ^ a b Credited on screen as Thomas Lægaard
  2. ^ On behalf of the German public broadcasting consortium ARD[14]
  3. ^ Determined by totalling all points awarded in the past four contests and dividing by the number of times that country had participated[9]
  4. ^ a b As Israel decided not to participate, the eliminated country with the next highest average points total, Bosnia and Herzegovina, was awarded their place.
  5. ^ a b Despite having the same average score Belgium ranked higher than Luxembourg by virtue of receiving more points in the most recent contest.[9]
  6. ^ Despite not participating in the 1996 contest, in what would have been its début entry, due to failing to progress from the qualifying round, Macedonia was deemed as having finished with 0 points for the purposes of calculating its average points for the 1997 contest.[22]
  7. ^ Deferred broadcast at 23:30 (CEST)[76]
  8. ^ Deferred broadcast on RTP Internacional at 21:30 (WEST)[83]
  9. ^ Deferred broadcast on La Primera at 21:30 (CEST) and on TVE Internacional at 22:45 (CEST)[83][87]
  10. ^ Deferred broadcast on 4 May at 19:00 (ACST)[93]
  11. ^ Delayed broadcast on 17 May 1997 at 21:00 (FKT)[96]
  12. ^ Deferred broadcast the following day at 13:00 (WEST)[97]
  13. ^ Deferred broadcast at 22:55 (WGST)[100]
  14. ^ Deferred broadcast on 4 May at 21:35 (CEST)[105]
  15. ^ Although a member of the Norwegian drag act the Great Garlic Girls performed as backing vocalist for Norway's Ketil Stokkan at the 1986 contest in drag, they were not credited for their performance.[113]

References

edit
  1. ^ "Ireland – Participation history". European Broadcasting Union. Archived from the original on 21 June 2022. Retrieved 29 June 2022.
  2. ^ "Eurovision Archives – Eurovision Song Contest". European Broadcasting Union. Archived from the original on 24 October 2022. Retrieved 2 November 2022.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Dublin 1997 – Eurovision Song Contest". European Broadcasting Union. Archived from the original on 21 June 2022. Retrieved 29 June 2022.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h Roxburgh 2020, pp. 296–297.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h Escudero, Victor M. (18 April 2020). "#EurovisionAgain travels back to Dublin 1997". European Broadcasting Union. Archived from the original on 23 May 2022. Retrieved 29 June 2022.
  6. ^ "The Eurovision Show '97: The Venue". RTÉ. Archived from the original on 9 February 1999. Retrieved 29 June 2022.
  7. ^ "3Arena Dublin – About, History & Hotels Near". O'Callaghan Collection. Archived from the original on 24 July 2021. Retrieved 29 June 2022.
  8. ^ a b c O'Connor 2010, pp. 148–151.
  9. ^ a b c d e f "Rules of the Eurovision Song Contest (Part 1)". Radio Telefís Éireann. Archived from the original on 2 February 1999. Retrieved 29 June 2022.
  10. ^ a b c d e f Roxburgh 2020, pp. 297–305.
  11. ^ "Tor har ikke sendt sang" [Tor has not sent a song]. Bergens Tidende (in Norwegian Bokmål). 17 November 2002. Retrieved 26 October 2024.
  12. ^ "Österreich beim Song Contest | 1997: Bettina Soriat mit "One Step"" [Austria at Eurovision | 1997: Bettina Soriat with "One Step"] (in German). Österreichischer Rundfunk (ORF). Retrieved 26 October 2024.
  13. ^ "Participants of Dublin 1997". European Broadcasting Union. Archived from the original on 28 January 2023. Retrieved 8 June 2023.
  14. ^ "Alle deutschen ESC-Acts und ihre Titel" [All German ESC acts and their songs]. eurovision.de (in German). ARD. Archived from the original on 12 June 2023. Retrieved 12 June 2023.
  15. ^ Jordan, Paul (18 September 2016). "Milestone Moments: 1993/4 – The Eurovision Family expands". European Broadcasting Union. Archived from the original on 13 May 2018. Retrieved 24 June 2022.
  16. ^ a b c d "Ireland once again hosts Eurovision Song Contest" (Press release). Geneva, Switzerland: European Broadcasting Union (EBU). 7 April 1997. Archived from the original on 16 May 1997. Retrieved 23 January 2023.
  17. ^ "Is North Macedonia the unluckiest country at Eurovision?". Aussievision. 3 August 2023. Archived from the original on 6 April 2024. Retrieved 6 April 2024.
  18. ^ "Final of Millstreet 1993 – Eurovision Song Contest". European Broadcasting Union. Archived from the original on 21 June 2022. Retrieved 24 June 2022.
  19. ^ "Final of Dublin 1994 – Eurovision Song Contest". European Broadcasting Union. Archived from the original on 16 April 2022. Retrieved 24 June 2022.
  20. ^ "Final of Dublin 1995 – Eurovision Song Contest". European Broadcasting Union. Archived from the original on 17 April 2022. Retrieved 24 June 2022.
  21. ^ "Final of Oslo 1996 – Eurovision Song Contest". European Broadcasting Union. Archived from the original on 22 October 2021. Retrieved 24 June 2022.
  22. ^ "Editorial: A Deep Dive Into North Macedonia's Eurovision History". Eurovision Phoenix. 22 August 2023. Archived from the original on 6 April 2024. Retrieved 6 April 2024.
  23. ^ "The Eurovision Show '97: The Set Designers". Radio Telefís Éireann. Archived from the original on 9 February 1999. Retrieved 29 June 2022.
  24. ^ "The Eurovision Show '97: The Producer". Radio Telefís Éireann. Archived from the original on 6 December 1998. Retrieved 29 June 2022.
  25. ^ Roxburgh 2020, p. 309.
  26. ^ "The Organisers behind the Eurovision Song Contest". European Broadcasting Union. Archived from the original on 25 September 2024. Retrieved 31 October 2024.
  27. ^ O'Connor 2010, p. 210.
  28. ^ "The 1997 Eurovision Song Contest Rehearsal Schedule: Day One – Monday April 28th 1997". Radio Telefís Éireann. Archived from the original on 9 February 1999. Retrieved 29 June 2022.
  29. ^ "The 1997 Eurovision Song Contest Rehearsal Schedule: Day Two – Tuesday April 29th 1997". Radio Telefís Éireann. Archived from the original on 9 February 1999. Retrieved 29 June 2022.
  30. ^ "The 1997 Eurovision Song Contest Rehearsal Schedule: Day Three – Wednesday April 30th 1997". Radio Telefís Éireann. Archived from the original on 6 December 1998. Retrieved 29 June 2022.
  31. ^ "The 1997 Eurovision Song Contest Rehearsal Schedule: Day Four – Thursday May 1st 1997". Radio Telefís Éireann. Archived from the original on 6 December 1998. Retrieved 29 June 2022.
  32. ^ "Eurovision '97: The News Centre – Friday May 2nd 1997". Radio Telefís Éireann. Archived from the original on 1 December 1998. Retrieved 29 June 2022.
  33. ^ "The Eurovision Show '97: The Presenters". Radio Telefís Éireann. Archived from the original on 9 February 1999. Retrieved 29 June 2022.
  34. ^ "Photographic Archive – Eurovision Song Contest trophy (1997)". RTÉ Libraries and Archives. 1–30 April 1997. Archived from the original on 29 June 2022. Retrieved 29 June 2022.
  35. ^ O'Connor 2010, p. 216.
  36. ^ a b c "Rules of the Eurovision Song Contest (Part 2)". Radio Telefís Éireann. Archived from the original on 3 February 1999. Retrieved 29 June 2022.
  37. ^ O'Connor 2010, p. 217.
  38. ^ a b "In a Nutshell – Eurovision Song Contest". European Broadcasting Union. 31 March 2017. Archived from the original on 26 June 2022. Retrieved 29 June 2022.
  39. ^ a b c d "Rules of the Eurovision Song Contest (Part 3)". Radio Telefís Éireann. Archived from the original on 12 October 1999. Retrieved 29 June 2022.
  40. ^ a b c d Eurovision Song Contest 1997 (Television programme). Dublin, Republic of Ireland: Radio Telefís Éireann. 3 May 1997.
  41. ^ a b c d Roxburgh 2020, pp. 306–308.
  42. ^ a b "Rules of the Eurovision Song Contest (Part 4)". Radio Telefís Éireann. Archived from the original on 12 October 1999. Retrieved 29 June 2022.
  43. ^ "Katrina and the Waves – United Kingdom – Dublin 1997". European Broadcasting Union. Archived from the original on 23 November 2021. Retrieved 29 June 2022.
  44. ^ "United Kingdom – Participation history". European Broadcasting Union. Archived from the original on 19 June 2022. Retrieved 23 June 2022.
  45. ^ "Türkiye – Participation history". European Broadcasting Union. Archived from the original on 26 June 2022. Retrieved 29 June 2022.
  46. ^ "Cyprus – Participation history". European Broadcasting Union. Archived from the original on 21 June 2022. Retrieved 29 June 2022.
  47. ^ "Norway – Participation history". European Broadcasting Union. Archived from the original on 21 June 2022. Retrieved 29 June 2022.
  48. ^ "Top moments of 2011: Italy's return". European Broadcasting Union. 23 December 2011. Archived from the original on 13 May 2018. Retrieved 13 December 2022.
  49. ^ "Italy – Participation history". European Broadcasting Union. Archived from the original on 5 June 2022. Retrieved 13 December 2022.
  50. ^ "Final of Dublin 1997 – Eurovision Song Contest". European Broadcasting Union. Archived from the original on 14 April 2021. Retrieved 14 April 2021.
  51. ^ "Winners of the 1970s – What happened to them?". European Broadcasting Union. 19 August 2011. Archived from the original on 7 September 2017. Retrieved 13 December 2022.
  52. ^ "How it works – Eurovision Song Contest". European Broadcasting Union. 18 May 2019. Archived from the original on 31 May 2022. Retrieved 4 June 2022.
  53. ^ "Dublin 1994 – Eurovision Song Contest". European Broadcasting Union. Archived from the original on 30 May 2022. Retrieved 24 June 2022.
  54. ^ O'Loughlin, Mikie (8 June 2021). "RTE Eileen Dunne's marriage to soap star Macdara O'Fatharta, their wedding day and grown up son Cormac". RSVP Live. Reach plc. Archived from the original on 8 June 2021. Retrieved 25 June 2022.
  55. ^ "Eesti žürii punktid edastab Eurovisioonil Tanel Padar" [The points of the Estonian jury will be announced by Tanel Padar at Eurovision] (in Estonian). Muusika Planeet. 14 May 2022. Archived from the original on 19 May 2022. Retrieved 25 June 2022.
  56. ^ Thorsson & Verhage 2006, pp. 260–261.
  57. ^ a b "Televízió – szombat május 3" [Television – Saturday 3 May]. Rádió és TeleVízió újság (in Hungarian). 28 April 1997. p. 44. Archived from the original on 23 July 2022. Retrieved 23 July 2022 – via MTVA Archívum.
  58. ^ a b Deykun, Marina; Ponyakin, Vitaliy (5 May 1997). "Примадонна метала бисер" [The primadonna threw beads]. Moskovskij Komsomolets (in Russian).
  59. ^ a b c "Results of the Final of Dublin 1997". European Broadcasting Union. Archived from the original on 14 April 2021. Retrieved 14 April 2021.
  60. ^ a b c "Eurovision Song Contest 1997 – Scoreboard". European Broadcasting Union. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 27 October 2021.
  61. ^ a b "The Eurovision Show '97: Television Coverage". RTÉ. Archived from the original on 23 April 1999. Retrieved 29 June 2022.
  62. ^ a b c "The Rules of the Contest". European Broadcasting Union. 31 October 2018. Archived from the original on 4 October 2022. Retrieved 13 December 2022.
  63. ^ a b "Radio / TV Samstag" [Radio / TV Saturday]. Freiburger Nachrichten (in German). Fribourg, Switzerland. 3 May 1997. p. 8. Retrieved 26 June 2022 – via E-newspaperarchives.ch.
  64. ^ Halbhuber, Axel (22 May 2015). "Ein virtueller Disput der ESC-Kommentatoren" [A virtual dispute between the ESC commentators]. Kurier (in German). Archived from the original on 23 May 2015. Retrieved 8 July 2022.
  65. ^ "Song Contest mit Stermann & Grissemann" [Eurovision with Stermann & Grissemann] (in German). ORF. 1 May 2012. Archived from the original on 21 December 2021. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  66. ^ "Program HRT – Subota, 3. svibnja – HRT 1" [Program HRT – Saturday, 3 May – HRT 1]. Glas Podravine (in Croatian). Koprivnica, Croatia. 2 May 1997. p. 16. Retrieved 29 May 2024.
  67. ^ "Veliki i mali brodovi" [Big and small ships]. Slobodna Dalmacija (in Croatian). Split, Croatia. 10 May 1997. p. 55. Archived from the original on 25 May 2023. Retrieved 25 May 2023.
  68. ^ a b "Τηλεοραση" [Television]. I Simerini (in Greek). Nicosia, Cyprus. 3 May 1997. p. 6. Retrieved 5 March 2024 – via Press and Information Office [el].
  69. ^ "Alle tiders programoversigter – Lørdag den 3. maj 1997" [All-time programme overviews – Saturday 3rd May 1997]. DR. Archived from the original on 9 April 2024. Retrieved 2 April 2024.
  70. ^ "Tele- ja raadiokava" [TV and radio schedule]. Eesti Päevaleht (in Estonian). 3 May 1997. p. 11. Retrieved 27 June 2022 – via DIGAR [et].
  71. ^ "les programmes TV – samedi 3 mai" [TV programmes – Saturday 3 May]. L'Est éclair [fr] (in French). Saint-André-les-Vergers, France. 3 May 1997. p. 25. Retrieved 23 September 2024 – via Aube en Champagne.
  72. ^ a b "Samstag 3. Mai | Samedi 3 mai" [Saturday 3 May]. Télé-Revue (in German, French, and Luxembourgish). 30 April 1997. pp. 8–13. Retrieved 14 June 2024.
  73. ^ "Dagskrá laugurdags 3. maí" [Schedule for Saturday 3 May]. Dagblaðið Vísir – DV (in Icelandic). Reykjavík, Iceland. 3 May 1997. p. 62. Retrieved 26 June 2022 – via Timarit.is.
  74. ^ "Saturday: Television and Radio". The Irish Times Weekend. 3 May 1997. p. 6. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
  75. ^ Walsh, Niamh (3 September 2017). "Pat Kenny: 'As Long As People Still Want Me I'll Keep Coming To Work'". evoke.ie. Archived from the original on 2 July 2022. Retrieved 2 July 2022.
  76. ^ a b "I programmi di oggi" [Today's programmes]. Libertà (in Italian). Piacenza, Italy. 3 May 1997. p. 25. Retrieved 19 October 2024 – via Biblioteca Passerini-Landi.
  77. ^ "Radio & Televisie Zaterdag" [Radio & Television Saturday]. Leidsch Dagblad (in Dutch). Leiden, Netherlands. 3 May 1997. p. 8. Archived from the original on 26 June 2022. Retrieved 26 June 2022.
  78. ^ "Selectie Radio: Zaterdag" [Radio Selection: Saturday]. NRC (in Dutch). 3 May 1997. Archived from the original on 19 September 2014. Retrieved 6 November 2022.
  79. ^ a b c "Radio- og TV-Programmene – Lørdag 3. mai 1997" [Radio and TV Programmes – Saturday 3 May 1997]. Moss Dagblad (in Norwegian). Moss, Norway. 3 May 1997. pp. 38–40. Archived from the original on 26 June 2022. Retrieved 26 June 2022 – via National Library of Norway.
  80. ^ "Norgeskanalen NRK P1 – Kjøreplan lørdag 3. mai 1997" [The Norwegian channel NRK P1 – Schedule Saturday 3 May 1997] (in Norwegian). NRK. 3 May 1997. pp. 16–17. Retrieved 20 June 2022 – via National Library of Norway. (subscription may be required or content may be available in libraries)
  81. ^ "Program TVP-1 – sobota, 3 maja" [TVP-1 program – Saturday 3 May] (PDF). Kurier Wileński (in Polish). Vilnius, Lithuania. 3 May 1997. p. 11. Archived (PDF) from the original on 28 October 2022. Retrieved 28 October 2022 – via Polonijna Biblioteka Cyfrowa.
  82. ^ "Eurowizja – polscy reprezentanci i polscy pretendenci" [Eurovision – Polish representatives and Polish contenders] (in Polish). Polskie Radio. 9 May 2022. Archived from the original on 16 May 2022. Retrieved 27 June 2022.
  83. ^ a b c d e "Programmes TV – Samedi 3 mai" [TV programmes – Saturday 3 May]. TV8 (in French). Cheseaux-sur-Lausanne, Switzerland: Ringier. 1 May 1997. pp. 20–25. Archived from the original on 26 June 2022. Retrieved 26 June 2022 – via Scriptorium Digital Library.
  84. ^ "Programa da televisão" [Television programme]. A Comarca de Arganil (in Portuguese). Arganil, Portugal. 1 May 1997. p. 6. Archived from the original on 24 January 2022. Retrieved 29 November 2022.
  85. ^ "Программа радио и телевидения на следующую неделю" [Radio and TV program for next week] (PDF). Rossiyskaya Gazeta (in Russian). 25 April 1995. pp. 16–17. Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 October 2022. Retrieved 27 October 2022.
  86. ^ "Televizija+Radio – Sobota" [Television+Radio – Saturday]. Delo (in Slovenian). Ljubljana, Slovenia. 3 May 1997. p. 24. Retrieved 4 June 2024.
  87. ^ a b "Televisión" [Television]. La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 3 May 1997. p. 6. Archived from the original on 29 November 2022. Retrieved 29 November 2022.
  88. ^ "TV-programmen" [TV programmes]. Svenska Dagbladet (in Swedish). Stockholm, Sweden. 3 May 1997. p. 17.
  89. ^ "Radioprogrammen" [Radio programmes]. Svenska Dagbladet (in Swedish). Stockholm, Sweden. 3 May 1997. p. 17.
  90. ^ "TV Programları" [TV programmes]. Cumhuriyet (in Turkish). 3 May 1997. p. 16. Archived from the original on 13 December 2022. Retrieved 13 December 2022.
  91. ^ "The Eurovision Song Contest – BBC One". Radio Times. 3 May 1997. Archived from the original on 4 February 2023. Retrieved 27 June 2022 – via BBC Genome Project.
  92. ^ "The Eurovision Song Contest – BBC Radio 2". Radio Times. 3 May 1997. Archived from the original on 27 June 2022. Retrieved 27 June 2022 – via BBC Genome Project.
  93. ^ a b "The Times TV Guide". Victor Harbor Times. Victor Harbor, South Australia, Australia. 2 May 1997. p. 12. Archived from the original on 15 December 2022. Retrieved 15 December 2022 – via Trove.
  94. ^ "Radio en televisie" [Radio and television]. Provinciale Zeeuwse Courant (in Dutch). Middelburg, Netherlands. 3 May 1997. p. 8. Archived from the original on 21 May 2023. Retrieved 21 May 2023.
  95. ^ Smolders, Thomas (8 April 2014). "VRT schuift André Vermeulen opzij bij Eurovisiesongfestival" [VRT pushes André Vermeulen aside at the Eurovision Song Contest]. De Morgen (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 1 October 2022. Retrieved 2 July 2022.
  96. ^ a b "Your BFBS Television programmes" (PDF). Penguin News. Stanley, Falkland Islands. 16 May 1997. Retrieved 20 July 2024 – via Jane Cameron National Archives.
  97. ^ a b "Sjónvarp – Sjónvarpsskráin – 2. mai - 8. mai" [Television – TV Schedule – 2 May - 8 May]. Oyggjatíðindi (in Faroese and Danish). Hoyvík, Faroe Islands. 2 May 1997. pp. 12–13. Retrieved 15 July 2024 – via Infomedia [dk].
  98. ^ "Televisio & Radio" [Television & Radio]. Helsingin Sanomat (in Finnish). 3 May 1997. pp. D11–D12. Retrieved 23 December 2022.
  99. ^ Uusitorppa, Harri (3 May 1997). "Finlande, zero points – Olli Ahvenlahti ja Aki Sirkesalo edustavat Euronollaa Dublinissa" [Finland, zero points – Olli Ahvenlahti and Aki Sirkesalo represent Euronolla in Dublin]. Helsingin Sanomat (in Finnish). Archived from the original on 23 December 2022. Retrieved 23 December 2022.
  100. ^ a b "KNR Aallakaatitassat – Arfininngorneq 3. maj" [KNR Programmes – Saturday 3 May]. Atuagagdliutit (in Kalaallisut). Nuuk, Greenland. 1 May 1997. p. 21. Retrieved 15 July 2024 – via Timarit.is.
  101. ^ "السبت ٣\٥\٩٧ – التلفزيون الإسرائيلي – القناة الأولى" [Saturday 03/05/97 – Israeli TV – Channel One]. Al-Ittihad (in Arabic). Haifa, Israel. 2 May 1997. p. 7. Retrieved 25 October 2023 – via National Library of Israel.
  102. ^ "Jordan Times Daily Guide and Calendar | Jordan Television Programme Two". The Jordan Times. Amman, Jordan. 3 May 1997. p. 2. Retrieved 11 June 2024 – via Internet Archive.
  103. ^ "Programe TV – Sâmbătă, 3 mai 1997" [TV Programmes – Saturday, 3 May 1997] (PDF). Adevărul de Arad [ro] (in Romanian). Arad, Romania. 3 May 1997. p. 6. Retrieved 26 October 2024 – via Biblioteca Județeană "Alexandru D. Xenopol" Arad [ro].
  104. ^ "Televiziune – sâmbătă 3 mai 1997" [Television – Saturday 3 May 1997]. Panoramic Radio-TV (in Romanian). p. 20.
  105. ^ a b "Tévé és rádió – vasárnap" [TV and radio – Sunday]. Új Szó (in Hungarian). Bratislava, Slovakia. 3 May 1997. p. 12. Retrieved 21 September 2024 – via Hungaricana [hu].
  106. ^ Backer, Stina (25 May 2012). "Forgettable song, memorable outfit: The crazy clothes of Eurovision". CNN. Archived from the original on 25 May 2012. Retrieved 25 June 2022.
  107. ^ Adams, William Lee (30 May 2021). "Barbara Dex Award 2021: Norway's TIX wins prize for Most Striking Outfit". Wiwibloggs. Archived from the original on 30 May 2021. Retrieved 25 June 2022.
  108. ^ "Barbara Dex Award – All winners". songfestival.be. Archived from the original on 17 March 2022. Retrieved 25 June 2022.
  109. ^ Philips, Roel (25 May 2005). "Martin Vucic wins Barbara Dex Award". ESCToday. Archived from the original on 10 June 2015. Retrieved 25 June 2022.
  110. ^ "About Us". The House of Eurovision. Archived from the original on 15 April 2001. Retrieved 25 June 2022.
  111. ^ Haessler, Sabrina (22 May 2015). "How Eurovision became a gay-friendly contest". France 24. Archived from the original on 14 November 2022. Retrieved 13 December 2022.
  112. ^ a b Baker, Catherine (March 2017). "The 'gay Olympics'? The Eurovision Song Contest and the politics of LGBT/European belonging". European Journal of International Relations. 23 (1). SAGE Publishing: 97–121. doi:10.1177/1354066116633278. ISSN 1354-0661. S2CID 147485556. Archived from the original on 12 May 2023. Retrieved 13 December 2022.
  113. ^ a b Jordan, Paul (24 October 2016). "Life's a drag! Eurovision queens past and present". European Broadcasting Union. Archived from the original on 13 May 2018. Retrieved 13 December 2022.
  114. ^ Hoare, Liam (12 May 2016). "Throwback: Remembering PingPong, Israel's Disastrous Eurovision 2000 Entry". Tablet. Archived from the original on 6 July 2022. Retrieved 13 December 2022.
  115. ^ Rompas, Tammy (5 June 2021). "The Queer Power at Eurovision". melaudy. Medium. Archived from the original on 6 June 2021. Retrieved 13 December 2022.
  116. ^ West 2020, pp. 191–195.
  117. ^ Würmann, Isaac (6 May 2022). "Beyond the camp and frivolity of Eurovision". Xtra Magazine. Archived from the original on 6 May 2022. Retrieved 13 December 2022.
  118. ^ "13 years ago today: Sweden wins the contest". European Broadcasting Union. 29 May 2012. Archived from the original on 12 May 2018. Retrieved 13 December 2022.
  119. ^ O'Sullivan, Roddy (15 May 2000). "Eurovision now just karaoke, says singer". The Irish Times. Archived from the original on 8 December 2022. Retrieved 13 December 2022.
  120. ^ "Gina G | Artist". Grammy Awards. Archived from the original on 13 December 2022. Retrieved 13 December 2022.
  121. ^ "Gina G – United Kingdom – Oslo 1996". European Broadcasting Union. Archived from the original on 4 October 2022. Retrieved 13 December 2022.
  122. ^ Jordan, Paul (10 May 2013). "Eurovision: It's all political though isn't it?". BBC. Archived from the original on 26 May 2015. Retrieved 13 December 2022.
  123. ^ Alexander, Ruth (19 May 2008). "The maths of Eurovision voting". BBC News. Archived from the original on 20 May 2008.
  124. ^ D'Arcy, Caoilfhionn; Kavanagh, Adrian (13 May 2021). "Douze points: the who, what & why of Eurovision voting". RTÉ. Archived from the original on 10 June 2022. Retrieved 13 December 2022.
  125. ^ "The end of a decade: Helsinki 2007". European Broadcasting Union. 30 December 2009. Archived from the original on 2 August 2017. Retrieved 13 December 2022.
  126. ^ Holmwood, Leigh (6 August 2007). "Eurovision cleared over block voting". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 5 October 2014. Retrieved 13 December 2022.
  127. ^ "All you need to know for Monday's draw!". European Broadcasting Union. 24 January 2008. Archived from the original on 13 May 2018. Retrieved 13 December 2022.
  128. ^ "Televoting/jury mix in 2009 Final voting". European Broadcasting Union. 14 September 2008. Archived from the original on 18 July 2018. Retrieved 13 December 2022.
  129. ^ Williams, Rachel (16 September 2008). "Eurovision juries return". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 2 September 2013. Retrieved 13 December 2022.

Bibliography

edit
  • O'Connor, John Kennedy (2010). The Eurovision Song Contest: The Official History (2nd ed.). London, United Kingdom: Carlton Books. ISBN 978-1-84732-521-1.
  • Roxburgh, Gordon (2020). Songs for Europe: The United Kingdom at the Eurovision Song Contest. Vol. Four: The 1990s. Prestatyn, United Kingdom: Telos Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84583-163-9.
  • Thorsson, Leif; Verhage, Martin (2006). Melodifestivalen genom tiderna : de svenska uttagningarna och internationella finalerna [Melodifestivalen through the ages: the Swedish selections and international finals] (in Swedish). Stockholm, Sweden: Premium Publishing. pp. 260–261. ISBN 91-89136-29-2.
  • West, Chris (2020). Eurovision! : A History of Modern Europe Through the World's Greatest Song Contest. London, United Kingdom: Melville House UK. pp. 191–195. ISBN 978-1-911545-55-2.
edit
 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Eurovision Song Contest 1997.
Retrieved from "https://en.wiki.x.io/w/index.php?title=Eurovision_Song_Contest_1997&oldid=1255320103"