1914 United States Senate elections
(Redirected from 1914 United States Senate election in Louisiana)
The 1914 United States Senate elections were held on November 3, 1914. These were the first regularly scheduled elections held following the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution in 1913, which required that all seats up for election be popularly elected, rather than chosen by their state legislatures. Thus, it was the first time that elections were generally scheduled on Election Day to coincide with the U.S. House elections. The 32 seats of Class 3 were contested in regular elections in 1914. Special elections were also held to fill vacancies. These elections occurred in the middle of Democratic President Woodrow Wilson's first term.
 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
32 of the 96 seats in the United States Senate 49 seats needed for a majority | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 Results of the elections: Democratic gain Democratic hold Republican hold No election | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
After a series of special elections, Democrats entered the election with a 53–42 majority, which they expanded to 56–39 after the elections.
This is one of five elections since 1914 in which the president's party gained Senate seats but lost House seats, something that would be repeated by Democrats in 1962 and 2022 and by Republicans in 1970 and 2018. This was the last time until 2022 that no incumbent senator lost reelection in a general election, although two lost in party primaries. This was also the first of three times in American history that the opposition party failed to flip any Senate seats, along with 1934 and 2022.[1]
Gains, losses, and holds
editRetirements
editFour Republicans and three Democrats retired instead of seeking re-election. One Democrat retired instead of seeking election to finish the unexpired term.
Defeats
editTwo Republicans sought re-election but lost in the primary election.
| State | Senator | Replaced by |
|---|---|---|
| Kansas | Joseph L. Bristow | Charles Curtis |
| South Dakota | Coe I. Crawford | Edwin S. Johnson |
Deaths
editOne Democrat died on August 8, 1913, and his seat remained vacant until a May 11, 1914 special election.
| State | Senator | Replaced by |
|---|---|---|
| Alabama (special) | Joseph F. Johnston | Francis S. White |
Post-election changes
editOne Democrat died during the 64th Congress and was replaced by a Democratic appointee.
| State | Senator | Replaced by |
|---|---|---|
| Indiana (Class 3) |
Benjamin F. Shively | Thomas Taggart |
| Maine (Class 2) |
Edwin C. Burleigh | Bert M. Fernald |
Change in composition
editBefore the elections
edit| D1 | D2 | D3 | D4 | D5 | D6 | D7 | D8 | ||
| D18 | D17 | D16 | D15 | D14 | D13 | D12 | D11 | D10 | D9 |
| D19 | D20 | D21 | D22 | D23 | D24 | D25 | D26 | D27 | D28 |
| D38 Ariz. Ran |
D37 Ala. (sp) Died Ala. (reg) Retired |
D36 | D35 | D34 | D33 | D32 | D31 | D30 | D29 |
| D39 Ark. Ran |
D40 Colo. Ran |
D41 Fla. Ran |
D42 Ga. (reg) Ran |
D43 Ga. (sp) Retired |
D44 Ind. Ran |
D45 Ky. (sp) Ran Ky. (reg) Retired |
D46 La. Retired |
D47 Md. Ran |
D48 Mo. Ran |
| Majority → | D49 Nev. Ran | ||||||||
| R39 Utah Ran |
R40 Vt. Ran |
R41 Wash. Ran |
R42 Wisc. Ran |
P1 | D53 S.C. Ran |
D52 Ore. Ran |
D51 Okla. Ran |
D50 N.C. Ran | |
| R38 S.D. Ran |
R37 Pa. Ran |
R36 Ohio Retired |
R35 N.D. Ran |
R34 N.Y. Retired |
R33 N.H. Ran |
R32 Kan. Ran |
R31 Iowa Ran |
R30 Ill. Ran |
R29 Idaho Ran |
| R19 | R20 | R21 | R22 | R23 | R24 | R25 | R26 | R27 Calif. Retired |
R28 Conn. Ran |
| R18 | R17 | R16 | R15 | R14 | R13 | R12 | R11 | R10 | R9 |
| R1 | R2 | R3 | R4 | R5 | R6 | R7 | R8 | ||
Elections results
edit| D1 | D2 | D3 | D4 | D5 | D6 | D7 | D8 | ||
| D18 | D17 | D16 | D15 | D14 | D13 | D12 | D11 | D10 | D9 |
| D19 | D20 | D21 | D22 | D23 | D24 | D25 | D26 | D27 | D28 |
| D38 Ariz. Re-elected |
D37 Ala. (sp) Hold Ala. (reg) Hold |
D36 | D35 | D34 | D33 | D32 | D31 | D30 | D29 |
| D39 Ark. Re-elected |
D40 Calif. Gain |
D41 Colo. Re-elected |
D42 Fla. Re-elected |
D43 Ga. (reg) Re-elected |
D44 Ga. (sp) Hold |
D45 Ind. Re-elected |
D46 Ky. (sp) Elected[c] Ky. (reg) Hold |
D47 La. Hold |
D48 Md. Re-elected |
| Majority → | D49 Mo. Re-elected | ||||||||
| R39 Wash. Re-elected |
P1 | D56 Wisc. Gain |
D55 S.D. Gain |
D54 S.C. Re-elected |
D53 Ore. Re-elected |
D52 Okla. Re-elected |
D51 N.C. Re-elected |
D50 Nev. Re-elected | |
| R38 Vt. Re-elected |
R37 Utah Re-elected |
R36 Pa. Re-elected |
R35 Ohio Hold |
R34 N.D. Re-elected |
R33 N.Y. Hold |
R32 N.H. Re-elected |
R31 Kan. Hold |
R30 Iowa Re-elected |
R29 Ill. Re-elected |
| R19 | R20 | R21 | R22 | R23 | R24 | R25 | R26 | R27 Conn. Re-elected |
R28 Idaho Re-elected |
| R18 | R17 | R16 | R15 | R14 | R13 | R12 | R11 | R10 | R9 |
| R1 | R2 | R3 | R4 | R5 | R6 | R7 | R8 | ||
Beginning of the next Congress
edit| D1 | D2 | D3 | D4 | D5 | D6 | D7 | D8 | ||
| D18 | D17 | D16 | D15 | D14 | D13 | D12 | D11 | D10 | D9 |
| D19 | D20 | D21 | D22 | D23 | D24 | D25 | D26 | D27 | D28 |
| D38 | D37 | D36 | D35 | D34 | D33 | D32 | D31 | D30 | D29 |
| D39 | D40 | D41 | D42 | D43 | D44 | D45 | D46 | D47 | D48 |
| Majority → | D49 | ||||||||
| R39 | R40 Gain[d] |
D56 | D55 | D54 | D53 | D52 | D51 | D50 | |
| R38 | R37 | R36 | R35 | R34 | R33 | R32 | R31 | R30 | R29 |
| R19 | R20 | R21 | R22 | R23 | R24 | R25 | R26 | R27 | R28 |
| R18 | R17 | R16 | R15 | R14 | R13 | R12 | R11 | R10 | R9 |
| R1 | R2 | R3 | R4 | R5 | R6 | R7 | R8 | ||
| Key |
|
|---|
Summary of races
editSpecial elections during the 63rd Congress
editIn these special elections, the winners were seated once elected and qualified; ordered by election date.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| Alabama (Class 3) |
Vacant | Joseph F. Johnston (D) died August 8, 1913. New senator elected May 11, 1914. Democratic hold. |
| ||
| Georgia (Class 2) |
William West | Democratic | 1914 (appointed) | Appointee retired. New senator elected November 3, 1914. Democratic hold. |
|
| Kentucky (Class 3) |
Johnson N. Camden Jr. | Democratic | 1914 (appointed) | Interim appointee elected November 3, 1914. Winner did not run for the next term, see below. |
|
Races leading to the 64th Congress
editIn these general elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1915; ordered by state.
All of the elections involved the Class 3 seats.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| Alabama | Frank White | Democratic | 1914 (special) | Incumbent retired. New senator elected. Democratic hold. |
Others
|
| Arizona | Marcus A. Smith | Democratic | 1912 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Arkansas | James P. Clarke | Democratic | 1903 1909 |
Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| California | George C. Perkins | Republican | 1893 (appointed) 1895 (special) 1897 1903 1909 |
Incumbent retired. New senator elected. Democratic gain. |
|
| Colorado | Charles S. Thomas | Democratic | 1913 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Connecticut | Frank B. Brandegee | Republican | 1905 (special) 1909 |
Incumbent re-elected. |
Others
|
| Florida | Duncan U. Fletcher | Democratic | 1909 (appointed) 1909 (special) |
Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Georgia | Hoke Smith | Democratic | 1911 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Idaho | James H. Brady | Republican | 1913 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Illinois | Lawrence Y. Sherman | Republican | 1913 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
Others
|
| Indiana | Benjamin F. Shively | Democratic | 1909 | Incumbent re-elected. |
Others
|
| Iowa | Albert B. Cummins | Republican | 1908 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
Others
|
| Kansas | Joseph L. Bristow | Republican | 1909 | Incumbent lost renomination. New senator elected.[16] Republican hold. |
|
| Kentucky | Johnson N. Camden Jr. | Democratic | 1914 (appointed) 1914 (special) |
Interim appointee retired. New senator elected. Democratic hold. |
|
| Louisiana | John Thornton | Democratic | 1910 (special) | Incumbent retired. New senator had already been elected early May 21, 1912. Democratic hold. |
|
| Maryland | John W. Smith | Democratic | 1908 (special) 1908 |
Incumbent re-elected. |
Others
|
| Missouri | William J. Stone | Democratic | 1903 1909 |
Incumbent re-elected. |
Others
|
| Nevada | Francis G. Newlands | Democratic | 1909 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| New Hampshire | Jacob Gallinger | Republican | 1891 1897 1903 1909 |
Incumbent re-elected. |
Others
|
| New York | Elihu Root | Republican | 1909 | Incumbent retired. New senator elected. Republican hold. |
Others
|
| North Carolina | Lee S. Overman | Democratic | 1903 1909 |
Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| North Dakota | Asle Gronna | Republican | 1911 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Ohio | Theodore E. Burton | Republican | 1909 | Incumbent retired. New senator elected. Republican hold. |
|
| Oklahoma | Thomas Gore | Democratic | 1907 (New state) 1909 |
Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Oregon | George E. Chamberlain | Democratic | 1909 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Pennsylvania | Boies Penrose | Republican | 1897 1903 1909 |
Incumbent re-elected. |
Others
|
| South Carolina | Ellison D. Smith | Democratic | 1909 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| South Dakota | Coe I. Crawford | Republican | 1909 | Incumbent lost renomination. New senator elected. Democratic gain. |
Others
|
| Utah | Reed Smoot | Republican | 1903 1909 |
Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Vermont | William P. Dillingham | Republican | 1900 (special) 1902 1908 |
Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Washington | Wesley L. Jones | Republican | 1909 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Wisconsin | Isaac Stephenson | Republican | 1907 (special) 1909 |
Incumbent retired. New senator elected. Democratic gain. |
|
Closest races
editNineteen races had a margin of victory under 10%:
| State | Party of winner | Margin |
|---|---|---|
| Nevada | Democratic | 0.19% |
| Wisconsin | Democratic (flip) | 0.31% |
| Kansas | Republican | 0.77% |
| Colorado | Democratic | 1.31% |
| Illinois | Republican | 1.70% |
| Utah | Republican | 2.75% |
| California | Democratic (flip) | 2.78% |
| South Dakota | Democratic (flip) | 3.85% |
| New York | Republican | 4.98% |
| Idaho | Republican | 5.75% |
| New Hampshire | Republican | 7.03% |
| Indiana | Democratic | 7.04% |
| Maryland | Democratic | 7.10% |
| Connecticut | Republican | 7.69% |
| Missouri | Democratic | 8.83%[e] |
| Iowa | Republican | 9.03% |
| Kentucky (regular) | Democratic | 9.36% |
| Oregon | Democratic | 9.55% |
| Ohio | Republican | 9.57% |
Alabama
editDemocrat Joseph F. Johnston died August 8, 1913. Democrat Henry D. Clayton was appointed August 12, 1913, but his appointment was challenged and withdrawn. Democrat Franklin P. Glass was appointed November 17, 1913, but the Senate refused to seat him.[36]
Alabama (special)
edit | |||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||
Democrat Francis S. White was elected May 11, 1914, to finish the current term that would end in 1915.
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Francis S. White | 102,326 | 99.94 | ||
| Others | 58 | 0.06 | |||
| Majority | 102,268 | 99.89 | |||
| Total votes | 102,384 | 100.00 | |||
| Democratic hold | |||||
Alabama (regular)
edit| | |||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||
 County results Underwood: 40–50% 50–60% 60–70% 70–80% 80–90% >90% Birch: 40–50% 60–70% Longshore: 50–60% | |||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||
After White retired, House Majority Leader Oscar Underwood was elected to a new term.
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Oscar Underwood | 163,338 | 90.20 | ||
| Republican | Alex C. Birch | 12,320 | 6.80 | ||
| Progressive | Adolphus P. Longshore | 4,263 | 2.35 | ||
| Socialist | S. F. Hinton | 1,159 | 0.64 | ||
| Majority | 151,018 | 83.40 | |||
| Total votes | 181,080 | 100.00 | |||
| Democratic hold | |||||
Arizona
edit| | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 County results Smith: 40–50% 50–60% 60–70% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Incumbent Democrat Marcus A. Smith was elected in 1912 with 50% of the vote and sought re-election. Although he easily defeated his primary challenger, he faced a large field of candidates in the general election. State Senator and trader Don Lorenzo Hubbell was the Republican nominee. Third-party candidates included Eugene W. Chafin of the Prohibition Party, who ran for president under the party's nomination, as well as Socialist Bert Davis and Progressive J. Bernard Nelson.
Smith received over half of the vote, defeating each candidate by a wide margin. He was elected to his second term.
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Marcus A. Smith (incumbent) | 25,800 | 53.23 | |
| Republican | Don Lorenzo Hubbell | 9,183 | 18.95 | |
| Prohibition | Eugene W. Chafin | 7,293 | 15.05 | |
| Socialist | Bert Davis | 3,582 | 7.39 | |
| Progressive | J. Bernard Nelson | 2,608 | 5.38 | |
| Majority | 16,617 | 34.29 | ||
| Total votes | 48,466 | 100.00 | ||
| Democratic hold | ||||
Arkansas
edit | |||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||
 Results by county Clarke: 50–60% 60–70% 70–80% 80–90% >90% Myers: 50–60% | |||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | James P. Clarke (incumbent) | 33,449 | 74.88 | ||
| Republican | Harry H. Myers | 11,222 | 25.12 | ||
| Majority | 22,227 | 49.76 | |||
| Total votes | 44,671 | 100.00 | |||
| Democratic hold | |||||
California
edit | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 County results Phelan: <40% 40-50% 50-60% Heney: <40% Knowland: <40% 40-50% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Incumbent Republican George Clement Perkins was first elected in an 1895 special election and was re-elected for three more terms. He did not seek re-election.
U.S. Representative Joseph R. Knowland of Oakland was the Republican nominee for this seat in 1914. He was challenged by the Democratic nominee, former mayor of San Francisco James Duval Phelan, and Progressive nominee Francis J. Heney, the former attorney general of the Arizona Territory.
Phelan defeated Heney and Knowland by slim margins and with less than a third of the vote.
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | James Duval Phelan | 279,896 | 31.59 | ||
| Progressive | Francis J. Heney | 255,232 | 28.81 | ||
| Republican | Joseph R. Knowland | 254,159 | 28.69 | ||
| Socialist | Ernest Untermann | 56,805 | 6.41 | ||
| Prohibition | Frederick F. Wheeler | 39,921 | 4.51 | ||
| Majority | 24,664 | 2.78 | |||
| Total votes | 886,013 | 100.00 | |||
| Democratic gain from Republican | |||||
Colorado
edit | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 County results Thomas: 30–40% 40–50% 50–60% Work: 30–40% 40–50% 50–60% 60–70% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
.png)
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Charles S. Thomas (incumbent) | 102,037 | 40.30 | ||
| Republican | Hubert Work | 98,728 | 38.99 | ||
| Progressive | Benjamin Griffith | 27,072 | 10.69 | ||
| Socialist | James C. Griffiths | 13,943 | 5.51 | ||
| Independent | George J. Kindel | 11,433 | 4.52 | ||
| Majority | 3,309 | 1.31 | |||
| Total votes | 253,213 | 100.00 | |||
| Democratic hold | |||||
Connecticut
edit | |||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||
Brandegee: 40-50% 50-60% 60-70% 70-80% 80-90% Baldwin: 40–50% 50–60% 60-70% | |||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | Frank B. Brandegee (incumbent) | 89,983 | 49.77 | ||
| Democratic | Simeon E. Baldwin | 76,081 | 42.08 | ||
| Progressive | Herbert Smith | 6,853 | 3.79 | ||
| Socialist | George Spiess | 5,890 | 3.26 | ||
| Prohibition | Frederick Platt | 1,356 | 0.75 | ||
| Socialist Labor | Clarence Warner | 650 | 0.36 | ||
| Majority | 13,902 | 7.69 | |||
| Total votes | 180,813 | 100.00 | |||
| Republican hold | |||||
Florida
edit | |||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||
 County results Fletcher: 50-60% 60-70% 70-80% Stockton: 50-60% 70-80% | |||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||
Incumbent Democrat Duncan Fletcher was elected in a special election after being appointed when William Hall Milton retired after a year in office. He sought re-election to a full term, facing competition only in the primary.
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Duncan U. Fletcher (incumbent) | 32,042 | 59.59 | |
| Democratic | J. N. C. Stockton | 21,733 | 40.42 | |
| Majority | 10,309 | 19.17 | ||
| Total votes | 53,775 | 100.00 | ||
Georgia
editThere were two elections due to the February 14, 1914, death of Democrat Augustus Octavius Bacon. It was the first time that both of Georgia's Senate seats have been up for election at the same time.
Georgia (special)
edit | |||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||
 County results Hardwick: 50–60% 60–70% 70–80% 80–90% >90% Hutchens: 50–60% 60–70% 70–80% 80–90% No Vote: | |||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||
Democrat William West was appointed to continue the term pending a special election, in which he was not a candidate.
Democrat Thomas W. Hardwick was elected November 3, 1914, to finish the term that would end in 1919 and served until losing renomination in 1918.
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Thomas W. Hardwick | 62,589 | 68.96 | ||
| Progressive | Rufe G. Hutchens | 28,169 | 31.04 | ||
| Majority | 34,420 | 37.93 | |||
| Total votes | 90,758 | 100.00 | |||
| Democratic hold | |||||
Georgia (regular)
edit| | |||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||
 County results Smith: 50–60% 60–70% 70–80% 80–90% >90% McClure: 50–60% 60–70% 70–80% 80–90% No Vote: | |||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||
Democrat M. Hoke Smith, who had first won in a 1911 special election, was re-elected and would serve until his 1920 renomination loss.
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | M. Hoke Smith (incumbent) | 61,789 | 68.48 | ||
| Progressive | C. W. McClure | 28,441 | 31.52 | ||
| Majority | 33,348 | 36.96 | |||
| Total votes | 90,230 | 100.00 | |||
| Democratic hold | |||||
Idaho
edit | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 County results Brady: 30–40% 40–50% 50–60% 60–70% Hawley: 40–50% 50–60% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | James H. Brady (incumbent) | 47,486 | 43.89 | ||
| Democratic | James H. Hawley | 41,266 | 38.14 | ||
| Progressive | Paul Clagstone | 10,321 | 9.54 | ||
| Socialist | Calistus Cooper | 7,888 | 7.29 | ||
| Prohibition | W. M. Duthie | 1,237 | 1.14 | ||
| Majority | 6,220 | 5.75 | |||
| Total votes | 108,198 | 100.00 | |||
| Republican hold | |||||
Illinois
edit| | |||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||
 Results by county Sherman: 30–40% 40–50% 50–60% 60–70% Sullivan: 30–40% 40–50% 50–60% Robins: 30–40% 40–50% Tie: 40-50% | |||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | Lawrence Y. Sherman (incumbent) | 390,661 | 38.46 | |
| Democratic | Roger C. Sullivan | 373,403 | 36.76 | |
| Progressive | Raymond Robins | 203,027 | 19.99 | |
| Socialist | Adolph Germer | 39,889 | 3.93 | |
| Prohibition | George W. Woolsey | 6,750 | 0.67 | |
| Socialist Labor | John M. Frances | 2,078 | 0.21 | |
| Majority | 17,258 | 1.70 | ||
| Total votes | 1,015,808 | 100.00 | ||
| Republican hold | ||||
Indiana
edit.svg){kind=small} | |||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||
 County results Shively: 30–40% 40–50% 50–60% 60–70% Miller: 30–40% 40–50% 50–60% Beveridge: 30-40% | |||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Benjamin F. Shively (incumbent) | 272,249 | 42.14 | ||
| Republican | Hugh Thomas Miller | 226,766 | 35.10 | ||
| Progressive | Albert J. Beveridge | 108,581 | 16.81 | ||
| Socialist | Stephen N. Reynolds | 21,719 | 3.36 | ||
| Prohibition | Sumner W. Haynes | 13,860 | 2.15 | ||
| Socialist Labor | James Matthews | 2,884 | 0.45 | ||
| Majority | 45,483 | 7.04 | |||
| Total votes | 646,059 | 100.00 | |||
| Democratic hold | |||||
Iowa
edit| | |||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||
 Results by county Cummins: 30–40% 40–50% 50–60% 60–70% 70–80% Connolly: 30–40% 40–50% 50–60% 70–80% | |||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | Albert B. Cummins (incumbent) | 205,832 | 48.19 | ||
| Democratic | Maurice Connolly | 167,251 | 39.16 | ||
| Independent | Otis Spurgeon | 24,490 | 5.73 | ||
| Progressive | Casper Schenk | 15,058 | 3.53 | ||
| Socialist | I. S. McCullis | 8,462 | 1.98 | ||
| Prohibition | M. L. Christian | 6,009 | 1.41 | ||
| Majority | 36,581 | 9.03 | |||
| Total votes | 427,102 | 100.00 | |||
| Republican hold | |||||
Kansas
edit| | |||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||
 Results by county Curtis: 30–40% 40–50% 50–60% Neeley: 30–40% 40–50% Murdock: 40–50% 50–60% | |||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | Charles Curtis | 180,823 | 35.53 | ||
| Democratic | George A. Neeley | 176,929 | 34.77 | ||
| Progressive | Victor Murdock | 116,755 | 22.94 | ||
| Socialist | Christian B. Hoffman | 24,502 | 4.82 | ||
| Prohibition | Earle R. Delay | 9,885 | 1.94 | ||
| Majority | 3,894 | 0.77 | |||
| Total votes | 508,894 | 100.00 | |||
| Republican hold | |||||
Kentucky
editThere were 2 elections to the same seat due to the May 23, 1914, death of one-term Republican William O. Bradley.
Kentucky (special)
edit| | |||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||
 County results Camden: 40–50% 50–60% 60–70% 70–80% 80–90% >90% Bullitt: 40–50% 50–60% 60–70% 70–80% 80–90% >90% | |||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||
Democrat Johnson N. Camden was appointed June 16, 1914, to continue Bradley's term, pending a special election. He was challenged by U.S. Solicitor General William Marshall Bullitt.
Camden was elected in November to finish the term ending 1915.
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Johnson N. Camden Jr. (incumbent) | 177,797 | 53.99 | ||
| Republican | William Marshall Bullitt | 133,139 | 40.43 | ||
| Progressive | George Nicholas | 13,641 | 4.14 | ||
| Socialist | Frank E. Seeds | 4,770 | 1.45 | ||
| Majority | 44,658 | 13.56 | |||
| Total votes | 329,347 | 100.00 | |||
| Democratic hold | |||||
Kentucky (regular)
edit| | |||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||
 County results Beckham: 40–50% 50–60% 60–70% 70–80% 80–90% Willson: 40–50% 50–60% 60–70% 70–80% 80–90% >90% | |||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||
.jpg)
Democratic appointee Johnson N. Camden was not a candidate for the next term, instead returning to agricultural activities on a farm.
In this race, two former governors of Kentucky fought for the seat. The Democratic nominee was John C. W. Beckham, who was sworn in after the assassination of William Goebel in 1900. The Republican nominee was Augustus E. Willson, who flipped the seat in 1907 after Beckham's term ended.
Beckham won the election, and would continue to serve until his re-election loss.
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | J. C. W. Beckham | 176,605 | 51.89 | ||
| Republican | Augustus E. Willson | 144,758 | 42.53 | ||
| Progressive | Burton Vance | 14,108 | 4.15 | ||
| Socialist | H. J. Robertson | 4,890 | 1.44 | ||
| Majority | 31,847 | 9.36 | |||
| Total votes | 340,361 | 100.00 | |||
| Democratic hold | |||||
Louisiana
edit | |||||||||||
| |||||||||||
| |||||||||||
| |||||||||||
Senator Robert F. Broussard had already been elected on May 21, 1912, indirectly by the state legislature.
Maryland
edit | |||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||
 County results Carrington: 40–50% 50–60% 60–70% Smith: 40–50% 50–60% | |||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | John Walter Smith (incumbent) | 110,204 | 50.99 | ||
| Republican | Edward Carrington | 94,864 | 43.89 | ||
| Progressive | V. Milton Reichard | 3,697 | 1.71 | ||
| Socialist | Charles E. Develin | 3,255 | 1.51 | ||
| Prohibition | Richard Henry Holme | 3,144 | 1.46 | ||
| Labor | Robert W. Stevens | 969 | 0.45 | ||
| Majority | 15,340 | 7.10 | |||
| Total votes | 216,133 | 100.00 | |||
| Democratic hold | |||||
Missouri
edit | |||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||
 County results Stone: 40–50% 50–60% 60–70% 70–80% 80–90% Akins: 40–50% 50–60% 60–70% 70–80% | |||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | William J. Stone (incumbent) | 311,616 | 50.41 | ||
| Republican | Thomas Akins | 257,054 | 41.58 | ||
| Progressive | Arthur N. Sager | 27,609 | 4.47 | ||
| Socialist | Thomas E. Greene | 17,061 | 2.76 | ||
| Prohibition | Orange J. Hill | 3,636 | 0.59 | ||
| Socialist Labor | J. W. Molineaux | 1,251 | 0.20 | ||
| Majority | 54,562 | 8.83 | |||
| Total votes | 618,227 | 100.00 | |||
| Democratic hold | |||||
Nevada
edit | |||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||
 County results Newlands: 30–40% 40–50% 50–60% Platt: 30–40% 40–50% 50–60% Miller: 30–40% 40–50% | |||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Francis G. Newlands (incumbent) | 8,078 | 37.46 | ||
| Republican | Samuel Platt | 8,038 | 37.27 | ||
| Socialist | Ashley G. Miller | 5,451 | 25.28 | ||
| Majority | 40 | 0.19 | |||
| Total votes | 21,567 | 100.00 | |||
| Democratic hold | |||||
New Hampshire
edit | |||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||
 County results Gallinger: 40–50% 50–60% | |||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | Jacob Harold Gallinger (incumbent) | 42,113 | 51.66 | |
| Democratic | Raymond Bartlett Stevens | 36,382 | 44.63 | |
| Prohibition | Benjamin F. Grier | 1,938 | 2.38 | |
| Socialist | William H. Wilkins | 1,089 | 1.34 | |
| Majority | 5,731 | 7.03 | ||
| Total votes | 81,522 | 100.00 | ||
| Republican hold | ||||
New York
edit | |||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||
 County Results Wadsworth: 40–50% 50–60% 60–70% Gerard: 40–50% 50–60% 60–70% | |||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | James Wolcott Wadsworth Jr. | 639,112 | 47.04 | |
| Democratic | James Watson Gerard | 571,419 | 42.06 | |
| Progressive | Bainbridge Colby | 61,977 | 4.56 | |
| Socialist | Charles Edward Russell | 55,266 | 4.07 | |
| Prohibition | Francis E. Baldwin | 27,813 | 2.05 | |
| Socialist Labor | Erwin A. Aucher | 3,064 | 0.23 | |
| Majority | 67,693 | 4.98 | ||
| Total votes | 1,358,651 | 100.00 | ||
| Republican hold | ||||
North Carolina
edit | |||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||
 County Results Overman: 50-60% 60-70% 70-80% 80-90% >90% Whitener: 50-60% 60-70% 70-80% | |||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||
.jpg)
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Lee S. Overman (incumbent) | 121,342 | 58.10 | |
| Republican | Adolphus A. Whitener | 87,101 | 41.70 | |
| Socialist | Henry J. Oliver | 425 | 0.20 | |
| Majority | 34,241 | 16.39 | ||
| Total votes | 208,868 | 100.00 | ||
| Democratic hold | ||||
North Dakota
edit | |||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||
 County results Gronna: 40–50% 50–60% 60–70% 70–80% Purcell: 50–60% No Vote: | |||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||
.jpg)
.jpg)
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | Asle Gronna (incumbent) | 48,732 | 55.82 | |
| Democratic | William E. Purcell | 29,640 | 33.95 | |
| Socialist | W. H. Brown | 6,231 | 7.14 | |
| Independent | Sever Serumgard | 2,707 | 3.10 | |
| Majority | 19,092 | 21.87 | ||
| Total votes | 87,310 | 100.00 | ||
| Republican hold | ||||
Ohio
edit | |||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||
 County results Harding: 40–50% 50–60% 60–70% Hogan: 40–50% 50–60% | |||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||
.png)
.jpg)
Republican nominee Warren G. Harding, future President of the United States, defeated Democratic nominee Timothy S. Hogan to succeed retiring incumbent Republican Senator Theodore E. Burton.[38]
Initially, Harding was not interested in running for U.S. Senate, due to the divisive remnants of the 1912 elections between the conservative and progressive factions of the Republican party. Harry Daugherty, an Ohio political boss, was interested in running for the seat himself upon learning of incumbent Senator Theodore Burton's plans to retire upon the expiration of his term, but party leaders advised him not to run. Instead, Daugherty unsuccessfully attempted to stage a draft movement to convince Harding to run for the seat. After the death of Amos Kling, the father of Harding's wife Florence, she encouraged her husband to run. The precise reasoning for this is unknown, but some in Marion, the Hardings' home town, believe that Harding had agreed not to seek higher office as part of a reuniting "truce" between Florence and her father, or that Kling had convinced Harding that it would behoove him to further his business rather than run for public office.[39]
Although Daugherty claimed it was him who had convinced Harding to run for the Senate, Harding's friend and attorney Hoke Donithen, who eventually became Harding's campaign manager, may have played a role in his decision to run. Retiring Senator Theodore Burton also claimed credit, saying to his biographer that Daugherty did not agree to throw his support behind Harding until after learning he had backed him.[39]
The Republican primary was a three-way contest between Harding, former U.S. Senator and ex-mentor Joseph B. Foraker[40] and Ralph Cole. Rather than antagonizing his opponents, Harding notably tried to keep and make friends within the Republican party, to the frustration of those running against him. Ralph Cole, in his frustration, said, "If he is not going to fight someone, why did he enter the contest?"[39] Harding eventually defeated both of his opponents in the primary, garnering 88,540 votes. Foraker finished in second with 76,817 votes, ahead of Cole with 52,237.[39]
In the general election campaign, Harding faced Democratic nominee Timothy Hogan and Progressive candidate Arthur Garford. Hogan was subject to anti-Catholic sentiment among voters, which Harding himself did not exhibit during the course of the election. Harding's supporters accused Hogan of wanting to "deliver Ohio to the Pope."[41] Harding downplayed the issue of World War I, despite the fact that the election took place just after the outbreak of the war, due to the high German immigrant population. Harding ultimately won the election and subsequently became the first United States Senator from Ohio to be popularly elected, following the passage of the 17th Amendment to the Constitution.[40]
Harding's victory in his bid for the Senate seat raised speculation that he would seek higher office, specifically the Presidency, although Harding himself did not show any interest in doing so at the time. He told family and friends after being elected to the Senate that he would return to his previous career in newspaper publishing at The Marion Daily Star after serving in the Senate.[39]
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | Warren G. Harding | 526,115 | 49.16 | |
| Democratic | Timothy S. Hogan | 423,742 | 39.60 | |
| Progressive | Arthur Lovett Garford | 67,509 | 6.31 | |
| Socialist | F. K. Hitchens | 52,803 | 4.93 | |
| Majority | 102,373 | 9.57 | ||
| Total votes | 1,070,169 | 100.00 | ||
| Republican hold | ||||
Oklahoma
edit | |||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||
 County results Gore: 30–40% 40–50% 50–60% Burford: 30–40% 40–50% | |||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Thomas Gore (incumbent) | 119,443 | 47.98 | |
| Republican | John H. Burford | 73,292 | 29.44 | |
| Socialist | Patrick S. Nagle | 52,259 | 20.99 | |
| Progressive | William O. Cromwell | 3,966 | 1.59 | |
| Majority | 46,151 | 18.54 | ||
| Total votes | 248,960 | 100.00 | ||
| Democratic hold | ||||
Oregon
edit| | |||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||
 County results Chamberlain: 40–50% 50–60% Booth: 30–40% 40–50% Hanley: 40–50% | |||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | George E. Chamberlain (incumbent) | 111,748 | 45.50 | |
| Republican | R. A. Booth | 88,297 | 35.95 | |
| Progressive | Bill Hanley | 28,220 | 10.68 | |
| Socialist | Benjamin Franklin Ramp | 10,666 | 4.34 | |
| Prohibition | H. S. Stine | 8,649 | 3.52 | |
| Majority | 23,451 | 9.55 | ||
| Total votes | 245,580 | 100.00 | ||
| Democratic hold | ||||
Pennsylvania
edit | |||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||
 County results Penrose: 20–30% 30–40% 40–50% 50–60% 60–70% Pinchot: 30–40% 40–50% Palmer: 30–40% 40–50% 50–60% 60–70% | |||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | Boies Penrose (incumbent) | 519,810 | 46.75 | |
| Progressive | Gifford Pinchot | 269,265 | 24.22 | |
| Democratic | Alexander Mitchell Palmer | 266,436 | 23.96 | |
| Socialist | Fred W. Whiteside | 37,950 | 3.41 | |
| Prohibition | Madison F. Larkin | 17,685 | 1.59 | |
| Industrial | A. S. Landis | 680 | 0.06 | |
| Write-in | 106 | 0.01 | ||
| Majority | 250,545 | 22.53 | ||
| Total votes | 1,111,932 | 100.00 | ||
| Republican hold | ||||
South Carolina
edit | |||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Ellison D. Smith (incumbent) | 32,950 | 99.73 | |
| Socialist | J. H. Roberts | 89 | 0.27 | |
| Majority | 32,861 | 99.46 | ||
| Total votes | 33,039 | 100.00 | ||
| Democratic hold | ||||
South Dakota
edit.svg){kind=small} | |||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||
 County results Johnson: 40–50% 50–60% 60–70% Burke: 40–50% 50–60% 60–70% 70–80% | |||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Edwin S. Johnson | 48,076 | 48.32 | ||
| Republican | Charles H. Burke | 44,244 | 44.47 | ||
| Socialist | E. P. Johnson | 2,674 | 2.69 | ||
| Prohibition | O. W. Butterfield | 2,406 | 2.42 | ||
| Independent | H. L. Loucks | 2,104 | 2.11 | ||
| Majority | 3,832 | 3.85 | |||
| Total votes | 99,504 | 100.00 | |||
| Democratic gain from Republican | |||||
Utah
edit | |||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||
 County results Smoot: 40–50% 50–60% 60–70% 70–80% Moyle: 40–50% 50–60% | |||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||
.png)
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | Reed Smoot (incumbent) | 56,281 | 49.08 | |
| Democratic | James Moyle | 53,128 | 46.33 | |
| Socialist | J. F. Parsons | 5,257 | 4.59 | |
| Majority | 3,163 | 2.75 | ||
| Total votes | 114,666 | 100.00 | ||
| Republican hold | ||||
Vermont
edit | ||||||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||
 County results Dillingham: 50–60% 60–70% Prouty: 50–60% | ||||||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||
_in_1904_(cropped).jpg)
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | William P. Dillingham (inc.) | 35,137 | 56.0% | ||
| Democratic | Charles A. Prouty | 16,306 | 26.0% | ||
| Progressive | Charles A. Prouty | 7,339 | 11.7% | ||
| Nonpartisan | Charles A. Prouty | 1,592 | 2.5% | ||
| Prohibition | Charles A. Prouty | 1,526 | 26.0% | ||
| Republican | Charles A. Prouty | 3 | 0.0% | ||
| Total | Charles A. Prouty | 26,766 | 42.6% | ||
| Socialist | James Canfield | 772 | 1.2% | ||
| N/A | Other | 20 | 0.0% | ||
| Total votes | '62,695' | '100.00%' | |||
Washington
edit| | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 Results by county Jones: 20–30% 30–40% 40–50% 50–60% 60–70% Black: 30–40% 40–50% Hanson: 20-30% 30–40% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | Wesley Livsey Jones (incumbent) | 130,479 | 37.79 | |
| Democratic | William Wilson Black | 91,733 | 26.57 | |
| Progressive | Ole Hanson | 83,282 | 24.12 | |
| Socialist | Adam H. Barth | 30,234 | 8.76 | |
| Prohibition | Arthur S. Caton | 9,551 | 2.77 | |
| Majority | 38,746 | 11.22 | ||
| Total votes | 345,279 | 100.00 | ||
| Republican hold | ||||
Wisconsin
edit | |||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||
 County results Husting: 30-40% 40-50% 50-60% 60-70% 70-80% McGovern: 40-50% 50-60% 60-70% 70-80% | |||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Paul O. Husting | 134,925 | 43.81 | |
| Republican | Francis E. McGovern | 133,969 | 43.50 | |
| Socialist | Emil Seidel | 29,774 | 9.67 | |
| Prohibition | Charles L. Hill | 9,276 | 3.01 | |
| Write-in | 58 | 0.02 | ||
| Majority | 956 | 0.31 | ||
| Total votes | 308,002 | 100.00 | ||
| Democratic gain from Republican | ||||
See also
editNotes
edit- ^ as Democratic Conference Chairman
- ^ as Republican Conference Chairman
- ^ Appointee elected
- ^ Miles Poindexter of Washington changed from Progressive to Republican.
- ^ Missouri was the "tipping-point state".
References
edit- ^ Warnock Win Seals Perfect 2022 for Senators Seeking Re-election, Bloomberg Law, December 7, 2022
- ^ "GA US Senate - Special Election Race - Nov 03, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
- ^ "Container Detail Page". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
- ^ "AL Senate Race - Nov 08, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
- ^ "AZ US Senate Race - Nov 03, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
- ^ "AR US Senate Race - Nov 03, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
- ^ "CA US Senate Race - Nov 03, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
- ^ "CO US Senate Race - Nov 03, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
- ^ "CT US Senate Race - Nov 03, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
- ^ "FL US Senate Race - Nov 03, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
- ^ "GA US Senate Race - Nov 03, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
- ^ "ID US Senate Race - Nov 03, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
- ^ "IL US Senate Race - Nov 03, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
- ^ "IN US Senate Race - Nov 03, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
- ^ "IA US Senate Race - Nov 03, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
- ^ "BRISTOW, Joseph Little - Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. March 3, 1915. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
- ^ "KS US Senate Race - Nov 03, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
- ^ "KY US Senate Race - Nov 03, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
- ^ United States Senators Chosen, 1912, p. 457.
- ^ "LA US Senate Race - Nov 03, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
- ^ "MD US Senate Race - Nov 03, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
- ^ "MO US Senate Race - Nov 03, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
- ^ "NV US Senate Race - Nov 03, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
- ^ "NH US Senate Race - Nov 03, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
- ^ "NC US Senate Race - Nov 03, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
- ^ "ND US Senate Race - Nov 03, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
- ^ "OH US Senate Race - Nov 08, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
- ^ "OK US Senate Race - Nov 03, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
- ^ "OR US Senate Race - Nov 03, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
- ^ "SD US Senate Race - Nov 03, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
- ^ "CRAWFORD, Coe Isaac - Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
- ^ "UT US Senate 2 Race - Nov 02, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
- ^ "VT US Senate Race - Nov 03, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
- ^ "WA US Senate Race - Nov 03, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
- ^ "WI US Senate Race - Nov 03, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
- ^ Byrd, p. 340.
- ^ "OFFICIAL VOTE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS CAST AT THE GENERAL ELECTION HELD ON NOVEMBER 3, 1914" (PDF). Illinois State Board of Elections. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 8, 2021. Retrieved December 19, 2020.
- ^ Dubin, Michael J. (1998). 1788 United States congressional elections-1997 : the official results of the elections of the 1st through 105th congresses. Jefferson, NC [u.a.]: McFarland. p. 407. ISBN 0786402830.
- ^ a b c d e Dean, John W. (2004). Warren G. Harding (1. ed.). New York: Times Books. pp. 34–37. ISBN 0805069569.
1914 harding hogan.
- ^ a b Russell, Francis (1962). The Shadow of Blooming Grove: Warren G. Harding In His Times. Easton Press. ISBN 0-07-054338-0.
- ^ "Life Before the Presidency". American President: Warren Gamaliel Harding. American President: A Reference Resource. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
Bibliography
edit- "Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present". United States Senate – via Senate.gov.
- "United States Senators Chosen, 1912". The Tribune Almanac and Political Register 1913. New York: The Tribune Association. 1913. p. 457 – via Hathi Trust Digital Library.
- Byrd, Robert C. (October 1, 1993). Wolff, Wendy (ed.). The Senate, 1789-1989: Historical Statistics, 1789–1992. United States Senate Historical Office (volume 4 Bicentennial ed.). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. ISBN 9780160632563 – via Google Books.
- Cox, Harold (January 31, 2007). "Pennsylvania Election Statistics: 1682–2006". The Wilkes University Election Statistics Project. Wilkes University.