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2d Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion (Composite)

(Redirected from 18th Defense Battalion)

The 2d Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion (Composite) (2d AAA Bn [Composite]) was a United States Marine Corps antiaircraft unit that served during World War II. Formed in 1943 as the 3d Airdrome Battalion, its original mission was strictly providing air defense. On 1 October 1943 the battalion was redesignated the 18th Defense Battalion. During the war the battalion provided air defense for the Saipan and Tinian area of operations. The battalion returned to Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune, North Carolina after the war receiving its final designation on 16 May 1946. The battalion was decommission in September 1947.

18th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion
18th Defense Battalion insignia
Active
  • 15 Jul 1943[1] – Sep 1947[2]
Country United States of America
Branch United States Marine Corps
TypeAir Defense/Coastal Defense
Size~1000 men
EngagementsWorld War II
Commanders
Current
commander		N/A
Notable
commanders		Harold C. Roberts
William J. Van Ryzin

History

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The 3d Airdrome Battalion was commissioned on 15 July 1943 at Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune, North Carolina.[1] The Airdrome battalions were essentially defense battalions minus the coastal defense capabilities. The Marine Corps had planned to utilize them to defend airfields overseas.[3] On 1 October 1943 the battalion was re-designated as the 18th Defense Battalion. As the war progressed, the Marine Corps removed coastal artillery from the defense battalions in order to form additional heavy artillery units for the Fleet Marine Force.[1] Because of the divestiture of the coastal defense mission, the battalion was re-designated as the 18th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion on 15 May 1944.[2]

3d Airdrome Battalion Table of Organization:[3]

The battalion departed from San Diego, California in late June 1944 and arrived at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii in early July 1944. By August 1944, elements of the battalion were located on both Saipan and Tinian. The battalions was finally consolidated on Tinian by September 1944. It remained on Tinian providing air defense coverage for the remainder of the war.[4] On December 1, 1945, the commanding officer of the 18th Anti-Aircraft Battalion, LtCol Howard G. Kirgis, accepted the surrender of the last Imperial Japanese garrison on Saipan led by Captain Sakae Ōba.[5] In January 1946 the battalion embarked onto the USS Manila Bay and USS Wheatland (AKA-85) to return to the United States. It arrived at Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune in February 1946.

 
Japanese Imperial Army Captain Sakae Ōba surrenders his Samurai sword to Lieutenant Colonel Howard G. Kurgis, USMC, at Saipan, Mariana Islands on Saturday morning, December 1, 1945.

By May 1946, the 9th and 18th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalions were the last two remaining. They were re-designated as the 1st and 2d Antiaircraft Artillery Battalions (Composite).[1]

Unit awards

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A unit citation or commendation is an award bestowed upon an organization for the action cited. Members of the unit who participated in said actions are allowed to wear on their uniforms the awarded unit citation. The 2d Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion (Composite) has been presented with the following awards:

Streamer Award Year(s) Additional Info
  World War II Victory Streamer 1941–1945 Pacific War

See also

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Citations

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  1. ^ a b c d Rottman 2002, pp. 216.
  2. ^ a b Rottman 2002, pp. 217.
  3. ^ a b Rottman 2002, pp. 215.
  4. ^ Melson 1996, pp. 32.
  5. ^ "Surrender of the last garrison of Japanese Troops". Southern Methodist University Digital Collections. Retrieved 2022-06-22.

References

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Bibliography
  • Rottman, Gordon L. (2002). U.S. Marine Corps World War II Order of Battle: Ground and Air Units in the Pacific War, 1939–1945. Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-31906-5.
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